Ch. 7 - Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Question 0

2 bacteria that cannot be developed in vitro

Answer 0

• Treponema pallidum

- Mycobacterium leprae

Question 1

process of growing microorganisms in culture

Answer 1

Cultivation

Question 2

bacteria with complex needs and exceptional media components

Answer 2

fastidious

Question 3

Bacteria that has relatively basic and straightforward needs

Answer 3

Nonfastidious

Question 4

Indicates bacterial growth in broth media

Answer 4

Turbidity

Question 5

Amount of bacteria needed for turbidity to be detected by the naked eye

Answer 5

10^6 bacteria per milliliter

Question 6

Type of broth media where the location of growth indicates the type of bacteria present based on oxygen requirements

Answer 6

Thioglycollate broth

Question 7

Bacteria that grow at the bottom of Thioglycollate broth

Answer 7

Strict anaerobes

Question 8

Bacteria that grow near the surface of Thioglycollate broth

Answer 8

Aerobic bacteria

Question 9

Type of bacteria that will grow throughout the Thioglycollate broth media

Answer 9

• Facultative anaerobes

- Aerotolerant organisms

Question 10

Most common solidifying agent

Answer 10

Agarose

Question 11

The formed stable solid gel in solid medium

Answer 11

Agar

Question 12

Petri dish containing agar

Answer 12

Agar plate

Question 13

The bacterial population is considered to be derived from a single bacterial cell

Answer 13

Pure colony

Question 14

Media that contains specific nutrients required for the growth of particular bacterial pathogens

Used to enhance growth of a particular bacterial pathogen by providing specific nutrients for the organism’s growth

Answer 14

Enrichment media

Question 15

Enrichment broth for isolation of anaerobes

Answer 15

Thioglycollate

Question 16

Enrichment media for Group B streptococci

Answer 16

LIM broth

Question 17

Enrichment media for enteric gram-negative organisms

Answer 17

Gram-negative (GN) broth

Question 18

Media that contains nutrients that support growth of most nonfastidious organisms without giving any organism a growth advantage

Answer 18

Nutritive media/Supportive media

Question 19

Nutritive media for bacteria

Answer 19

• Tryptic soy agar

- Nutrient agar plates

Question 20

Nutrient media for fungi

Answer 20

Sabouraud’s dextrose agar

Question 21

Media that contains one or more inhibitory agents (dyes, bile salts, alcohols, acids and antibodies)

Answer 21

Selective media

Question 22

Selective media for gram-positive cocci; inhibits aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods

Answer 22

Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar

Question 23

Media that allows colonies of one bacterial species or type to exhibit certain metabolic or culture characteristics that can be used to distinguish it from other growing bacteria

Answer 23

Differential media

Question 24

Differential media to differentiate gram-negative bacteria that can and cannot ferment the sugar lactose

Answer 24

MacConkey agar

Question 25

Most commonly used nutritive medium because it allows many organisms to grow Also differential because appearance of colonies produced by certain bacterial species is readily distinguishable

Answer 25

Sheep blood agar

Question 26

Agar for culturing a patient's blood for bacteria

Answer 26

Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) agar

Question 27

Agar for cultivation of Haemophilus spp. & Neisseria gonorrhoeae Hemoglobin, hemin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) are released into the agar

Answer 27

Chocolate agar

Question 28

Agar that allows gram-positive bacterial growth Can be used to differentiate bacterial colonies on the hemolytic reactions they produce Contains 2 antibiotics

Answer 28

Columbia CNA agar with blood

Question 29

Antibiotic that disrupts cell membranes of gram-negative organisms

Answer 29

Colistin

Question 30

Antibiotic that blocks DNA replication in susceptible organisms

Answer 30

Nalidixic acid

Question 31

Agar for the selective growth of gastrointestinal pathogens (Salmonella spp. & Shigella spp.) Contains mannitol

Answer 31

Gram-negative (GN) broth

Question 32

Primary source of carbon in media. Favored energy source for many enteric pathogens.

Answer 32

Mannitol

Question 33

Agar for growth of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Differential for lactose and non-lactose fermenting gram-negative bacilli: non-lactose fermenters maintain blue-green color of the agar Contains ferric ammonium citrate for detection of H2S (black ppt) produced by Salmonella spp.

Answer 33

Hektoen Enteric (HE) agar

Question 34

Color of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. in Hektoen Enteric agar

Answer 34

Blue-green (original color of the medium)

Question 35

Agar for gram-negative bacilli Differentiates lactose and non-lactose fermenters: non-lactose fermenters remain colorless(Shigella spp.)

Answer 35

MacConkey agar

Question 36

Agar for gram-positive cocci

Answer 36

Phenylethyl Alcohol (PEA) agar

Question 37

Agar that supports growth for all but the most fastidious clinically significant bacteria

Answer 37

Sheep blood agar

Question 38

Complete clearing of the RBCs around the bacterial colony

Answer 38

Beta hemolysis

Question 39

Partial lysis of RBCs to produce a greenish discoloration around the colony

Answer 39

Alpha hemolysis

Question 40

Enrichment and selective agar for the isolation Neisseria gonorrhoeae & Neisseria meningitidis Has 3 antibiotics: Colistin, Vancomycin, Nystatin

Answer 40

Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) agar

Question 41

Antibiotic that inhibits gram-positive bacteria

Answer 41

Vancomycin

Question 42

Antibiotic that inhibits yeast

Answer 42

Nystatin

Question 43

Antibiotic that may be added to MTM agar that inhibits Proteus spp. which may swarm over the agar surface and mask detection of individual colonies of the 2 Neiserria spp.

Answer 43

Trimethoprim

Question 44

A modification of MTM agar where ansamycin substitutes nystatin and there is a higher concentration of vancomycin

Answer 44

Martin-Lewis agar

Question 45

Enrichment broth most frequently used in diagnostic bacteriology

Answer 45

Thioglycollate broth

Question 46

Agar that is selective and differential for Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. Salmonella spp. often exhibits a black center due to production of H2S

Answer 46

Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD) agar

Question 47

3 bacterial pathogens that require living cells for cultivation

Answer 47

- Chlamydiae - Rickettsiae - Ricketstiae-like organism

Question 48

Type of organisms that grow best with higher CO2 concentration

Answer 48

Capnophilic

Question 49

Primary lab devices used to provide the environmental requirements for cultivating microorganisms

Answer 49

Incubators

Question 50

Optimum temperature for incubation

Answer 50

35-37 C

Question 51

Optimal amount of CO2 for incubation

Answer 51

3-5% CO2

Question 52

Optimum pH level for incubation

Answer 52

6.5 - 7.5

Question 53

Temperature at which Campylobacter jejuni is able to grow

Answer 53

42 C

Question 54

Temperatures that enable Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica to grow

Answer 54

4 - 43 C

Question 55

Type of organisms that require only low levels of oxygen

Answer 55

Microaerophilic/Microaerobic