Ch. 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Question 1

Chromosomes and genes are present in pairs in diploid cells, and homologous chromosomes separate

Answer 1

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Question 2

The phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations

Answer 2

Wild type

Question 3

A gene located on either sex chromosome

Answer 3

Sex-linked gene

Question 4

Genes located on the X chromosome

Answer 4

X-linked genes

Question 5

An X-linked disorder, like color-blindness, which affects one in 3,500 males born in the US which causes progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination

Answer 5

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Question 6

An X-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting

Answer 6

Hemophilia

Question 7

The condensed, compacted, inactive X chromosome in each cell of a female

Answer 7

Barr body

Question 8

Genes that are located near each other on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together

Answer 8

Linked genes

Question 9

The production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either P generation parent

Answer 9

Genetic recombination

Question 10

F₁ offspring that match the phenotype of one or both parent(s)

Answer 10

Parental types

Question 11

Offspring with phenotypes different from either parent

Answer 11

Recombinant types or recombinants

Question 12

Homologous chromosomes are paired, and certain segments switch from one chromosome to the other, increasing genetic diversity

Answer 12

Crossing over

Question 13

An ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome

Answer 13

Genetic map

Question 14

A genetic map based on recombination frequencies

Answer 14

Linkage map

Question 15

The distance between genes in a linkage map; equivalent to the % recombination frequency

Answer 15

Map units

Question 16

A pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate

Answer 16

Nondisjunction

Question 17

Having an abnormal number of a particular chromosome

Answer 17

Aneuploidy

Question 18

Missing one chromosome in a pair

Answer 18

Monosomic

Question 19

Having three chromosomes in a pair instead of two

Answer 19

Trisomic

Question 20

Having more than two complete chromosome sets in all somatic cells

Answer 20

Polyploidy

Question 21

A chromosome fragment is lost

Answer 21

Deletion

Question 22

Part of a chromosome is present more than once

Answer 22

Duplication

Question 23

When a chromosome fragment attaches back to the original, but in reverse orientation

Answer 23

Inversion

Question 24

A chromosomal fragment joins a non-homologous chromosome

Answer 24

Translocation

Question 25

An aneuploid condition that results from an extra chromosome 21

Answer 25

Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21

Question 26

Aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes resulting in 2 X chromosomes and a Y

Answer 26

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 27

Having three X chromosomes

Answer 27

Trisomy X

Question 28

Having one X chromosome

Answer 28

Turner Syndrome or Monosomy X

Question 29

Variation in phenotype depending on which parent passed on an allele

Answer 29

Genomic imprinting

Question 30

Genes passed matrilineally in mammals

Answer 30

Mitochondrial genes

Question 31

# Define the following term: Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Answer 31

Chromosomes and genes are present in pairs in diploid cells, and homologous chromosomes separate

Question 32

# Define the following term: Wild type

Answer 32

The phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations

Question 33

# Define the following term: Sex-linked gene

Answer 33

A gene located on either sex chromosome

Question 34

# Define the following term: X-linked genes

Answer 34

Genes located on the X chromosome

Question 35

# Define the following term: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 35

An X-linked disorder, like color-blindness, which affects one in 3,500 males born in the US which causes progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination

Question 36

# Define the following term: Hemophilia

Answer 36

An X-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting

Question 37

# Define the following term: Barr body

Answer 37

The condensed, compacted, inactive X chromosome in each cell of a female

Question 38

# Define the following term: Linked genes

Answer 38

Genes that are located near each other on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together

Question 39

# Define the following term: Genetic recombination

Answer 39

The production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either P generation parent

Question 40

# Define the following term: Parental types

Answer 40

F₁ offspring that match the phenotype of one or both parent(s)

Question 41

# Define the following term: Recombinant types or recombinants

Answer 41

Offspring with phenotypes different from either parent

Question 42

# Define the following term: Crossing over

Answer 42

Homologous chromosomes are paired, and certain segments switch from one chromosome to the other, increasing genetic diversity

Question 43

# Define the following term: Genetic map

Answer 43

An ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome

Question 44

# Define the following term: Linkage map

Answer 44

A genetic map based on recombination frequencies

Question 45

# Define the following term: Map units

Answer 45

The distance between genes in a linkage map; equivalent to the % recombination frequency

Question 46

# Define the following term: Nondisjunction

Answer 46

A pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate

Question 47

# Define the following term: Aneuploidy

Answer 47

Having an abnormal number of a particular chromosome

Question 48

# Define the following term: Monosomic

Answer 48

Missing one chromosome in a pair

Question 49

# Define the following term: Trisomic

Answer 49

Having three chromosomes in a pair instead of two

Question 50

# Define the following term: Polyploidy

Answer 50

Having more than two complete chromosome sets in all somatic cells

Question 51

# Define the following term: Deletion

Answer 51

A chromosome fragment is lost

Question 52

# Define the following term: Duplication

Answer 52

Part of a chromosome is present more than once

Question 53

# Define the following term: Inversion

Answer 53

When a chromosome fragment attaches back to the original, but in reverse orientation

Question 54

# Define the following term: Translocation

Answer 54

A chromosomal fragment joins a non-homologous chromosome

Question 55

# Define the following term: Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21

Answer 55

An aneuploid condition that results from an extra chromosome 21

Question 56

# Define the following term: Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 56

Aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes resulting in 2 X chromosomes and a Y

Question 57

# Define the following term: Trisomy X

Answer 57

Having three X chromosomes

Question 58

# Define the following term: Turner Syndrome or Monosomy X

Answer 58

Having one X chromosome

Question 59

# Define the following term: Genomic imprinting

Answer 59

Variation in phenotype depending on which parent passed on an allele

Question 60

# Define the following term: Mitochondrial genes

Answer 60

Genes passed matrilineally in mammals