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AP Biology Vocabulary > Ch. 51 - Animal Behavior > Flashcards

Ch. 51 - Animal Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

An action carried out by muscles under control of the nervous system

A

Behavior

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2
Q

The study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior

A

Behavioral Ecology

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3
Q

A sequence of unlearned acts directly linked to a simple stimulus

A

Fixed Action Pattern

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4
Q

An external cue that triggers a fixed action pattern

A

Sign Stimulus

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5
Q

A regular, long-distance change in location

A

Migration

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6
Q

Behavioral rhythms linked to the daily cycle of rest and activity

A

Circadian Rhythm

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7
Q

Behavioral rhythms linked to the yearly cycle of seasons

A

Circannual Rhythms

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8
Q

A stimulus transmitted from one organism to another

A

Signal

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9
Q

The transmission and reception of signals between animals

A

Communication

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10
Q

Chemical substances which animals use to communnicate through odors and tastes

A

Pheromones

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11
Q

Behavior that is developmentally fixed

A

Innate Behavior

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12
Q

A study in which the young of one species are placed in the care of adults from another species in the same or a similar environment

A

Cross-Fostering Study

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13
Q

A study in which researchers compare the behavior of identical twins raised apart with the behavior of those raised in the same household

A

Twin Study

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14
Q

The modification of behavior as a result of specific experiences

A

Learning

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15
Q

The establishment of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object

A

Imprinting

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16
Q

The specific time period in development in which imprinting can take place

A

Sensitive Period

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17
Q

The establishment of a memory that reflects the environment’s spatial structure

A

Spatial Learning

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18
Q

A representation in an animal’s nervous system of the spatial relationships between objects in its surroundings

A

Cognitive Map

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19
Q

The ability to associate one environmental feature (such as a color) with another (such as a foul taste)

A

Associative Learning

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20
Q

The process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement

A

Cognition

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21
Q

The cognitive ability of devising a method to proceed from one state to another in the face of real or apparent obstacles

A

Problem Solving

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22
Q

Learning through observing others

A

Social Learning

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23
Q

A system of information transfer through social learning or teaching that influences the behavior of individuals in a population

A

Culture

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24
Q

A behavioral ecology model that helps predict how an animal behaves when searching for food. Although obtaining food provides the animal with energy, searching for and capturing the food require both energy and time.

A

Optimal Foraging Model

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25
One male mating with one female
Monogamous
26
One individual of one sex mating with several of the other
Polygamous
27
One male mating with many females
Polygyny
28
One female mating with multiple males
Polyandry
29
The extent to which males and females of a species differ in appearance
Sexual dimorphism
30
A behavior in which individuals in a population copy the mate choice of others
Mate-Choice Copying
31
A tool used by behavioral ecologists to evaluate alternative strategies in situations where the outcome depends on the strategies of all the individuals involved
Game Theory
32
A behavior that decreases an animal's individual fitness, but increases the fitness of other individuals in the population
Altruism
33
The total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing its own offspring and by providing aid that enables other close relatives to produce offspring
Inclusive Fitness
34
The fraction of genes that, on average, are shared by two organisms
Coefficient of Relatedness
35
Natural selection benefits altruism when the benefit to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relatedness exceeds the cost to the altruism
Hamilton's Rule
36
Natural selection that favors altruism by enhancing the reproductive success of relatives
Kin Selection
37
Altruistic behavior toward animals that are not relatives, which is adaptive if the aided individual returns the favor in the future
Reciprocal Altruism
38
The scientific study of the biological (especially ecological and evolutionary) aspects of social behavior in animals and humans.
Sociobiology
39
The diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus.
Habituation
40
A warning cry made by a bird or other animal when startled.
Alarm Call
41
An undirected movement of a cell, organism, or part in response to an external stimulus.
Kinesis
42
The science of animal behavior.
Ethology
43
Search widely for food or provisions.
Forage
44
# Define the following term: Behavior
An action carried out by muscles under control of the nervous system
45
# Define the following term: Behavioral Ecology
The study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior
46
# Define the following term: Fixed Action Pattern
A sequence of unlearned acts directly linked to a simple stimulus
47
# Define the following term: Sign Stimulus
An external cue that triggers a fixed action pattern
48
# Define the following term: Migration
A regular, long-distance change in location
49
# Define the following term: Circadian Rhythm
Behavioral rhythms linked to the daily cycle of rest and activity
50
# Define the following term: Circannual Rhythms
Behavioral rhythms linked to the yearly cycle of seasons
51
# Define the following term: Signal
A stimulus transmitted from one organism to another
52
# Define the following term: Communication
The transmission and reception of signals between animals
53
# Define the following term: Pheromones
Chemical substances which animals use to communnicate through odors and tastes
54
# Define the following term: Innate Behavior
Behavior that is developmentally fixed
55
# Define the following term: Cross-Fostering Study
A study in which the young of one species are placed in the care of adults from another species in the same or a similar environment
56
# Define the following term: Twin Study
A study in which researchers compare the behavior of identical twins raised apart with the behavior of those raised in the same household
57
# Define the following term: Learning
The modification of behavior as a result of specific experiences
58
# Define the following term: Imprinting
The establishment of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object
59
# Define the following term: Sensitive Period
The specific time period in development in which imprinting can take place
60
# Define the following term: Spatial Learning
The establishment of a memory that reflects the environment's spatial structure
61
# Define the following term: Cognitive Map
A representation in an animal's nervous system of the spatial relationships between objects in its surroundings
62
# Define the following term: Associative Learning
The ability to associate one environmental feature (such as a color) with another (such as a foul taste)
63
# Define the following term: Cognition
The process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement
64
# Define the following term: Problem Solving
The cognitive ability of devising a method to proceed from one state to another in the face of real or apparent obstacles
65
# Define the following term: Social Learning
Learning through observing others
66
# Define the following term: Culture
A system of information transfer through social learning or teaching that influences the behavior of individuals in a population
67
# Define the following term: Optimal Foraging Model
A behavioral ecology model that helps predict how an animal behaves when searching for food. Although obtaining food provides the animal with energy, searching for and capturing the food require both energy and time.
68
# Define the following term: Monogamous
One male mating with one female
69
# Define the following term: Polygamous
One individual of one sex mating with several of the other
70
# Define the following term: Polygyny
One male mating with many females
71
# Define the following term: Polyandry
One female mating with multiple males
72
# Define the following term: Sexual dimorphism
The extent to which males and females of a species differ in appearance
73
# Define the following term: Mate-Choice Copying
A behavior in which individuals in a population copy the mate choice of others
74
# Define the following term: Game Theory
A tool used by behavioral ecologists to evaluate alternative strategies in situations where the outcome depends on the strategies of all the individuals involved
75
# Define the following term: Altruism
A behavior that decreases an animal's individual fitness, but increases the fitness of other individuals in the population
76
# Define the following term: Inclusive Fitness
The total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing its own offspring and by providing aid that enables other close relatives to produce offspring
77
# Define the following term: Coefficient of Relatedness
The fraction of genes that, on average, are shared by two organisms
78
# Define the following term: Hamilton's Rule
Natural selection benefits altruism when the benefit to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relatedness exceeds the cost to the altruism
79
# Define the following term: Kin Selection
Natural selection that favors altruism by enhancing the reproductive success of relatives
80
# Define the following term: Reciprocal Altruism
Altruistic behavior toward animals that are not relatives, which is adaptive if the aided individual returns the favor in the future
81
# Define the following term: Sociobiology
The scientific study of the biological (especially ecological and evolutionary) aspects of social behavior in animals and humans.
82
# Define the following term: Habituation
The diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus.
83
# Define the following term: Alarm Call
A warning cry made by a bird or other animal when startled.
84
# Define the following term: Kinesis
An undirected movement of a cell, organism, or part in response to an external stimulus.
85
# Define the following term: Ethology
The science of animal behavior.
86
# Define the following term: Forage
Search widely for food or provisions.

AP Biology Vocabulary (7 decks)

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