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A&P Study Notes > Ch 15-The Special Senses > Flashcards

Ch 15-The Special Senses Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What do the accessory structures include

A

eyebrows, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, and extrinsic eye muscles

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2
Q

Coarse hairs that overlie the supraorbital margins

Functions include: Shading the eye; Preventing perspiration from reaching the eye

A

Eyebrows

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3
Q

Protect the eye anteriorly

A

Palpebrae (Eyelids)

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4
Q

separates eyelids

A

Palpebral fissure

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5
Q

medial and lateral angles (commissures)

A

canthi

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6
Q

contains glands that secrete a whitish, oily secretion (Sandman’s eye sand)

A

Lacrimal caruncle

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7
Q

Project from the free margin of each eyelid

Initiate reflex blinking

A

Eyelashes

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8
Q

Protects eyes from foreign objects

Prevents drying of the eye

A

Eyelashes

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9
Q

Transparent membrane that lines the eyelids as the palpebral conjunctiva

A

Conjunctiva

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10
Q

Covers the whites of the eyes as the bulbar conjunctiva; Lubricates and protects the eye

A

Conjunctiva

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11
Q

Consists of the lacrimal gland and associated ducts

A

Lacrimal Apparatus

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12
Q

secrete tears

A

Lacrimal glands

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13
Q

Contain mucus, antibodies, and lysozyme (destroys bacteria)

A

tears

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14
Q

Enable the eye to follow moving objects

Maintain the shape of the eyeball

A

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

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15
Q

thin, skin-covered folds.

A

eyelids

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16
Q

A slightly irregular hollow sphere with anterior and posterior poles

A

eyeball

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17
Q

The wall of the eyeball is composed of three tunics

A

fibrous, vascular, and sensory

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18
Q

The internal cavity is filled with fluids called

A

humors

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19
Q

The lens separates the internal cavity into

A

anterior and posterior segments

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20
Q

Forms the outermost coat of the eye and is composed of Opaque sclera (posteriorly); “whites of the eyes”
protects the eye and anchors extrinsic muscles

A

Fibrous Tunic

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21
Q

lets light enter the eye

A

Clear cornea (anteriorly)

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22
Q

Middle coat of the eyeball.

Pigmented layer.

A

Vascular Tunic (Uvea): Choroid Region

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23
Q

What are the three parts of Vascular Tunic (Uvea): Choroid Region

A

choroid, ciliary body, and iris

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24
Q

A dark brown membrane that forms the posterior portion of the uvea

A

Vascular Tunic (Uvea): Choroid Region

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25
Supplies blood to all eye tunics
Vascular Tunic (Uvea): Choroid Region
26
Helps absorb light, preventing it from scattering and reflecting within the eye.
Vascular Tunic (Uvea): Choroid Region
27
Anteriorly, the choroid becomes
the ciliary body
28
Controls lens shape
Ciliary Body
29
A thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens
Ciliary Body
30
The visible, colored part of the eye
Iris
31
Lies between the cornea and the lens & is continuous with the ciliary body posteriorly
Iris
32
central opening of the iris
pupil
33
Run along the inner surface of the retina | Leave the eye as the optic nerve
Ganglion cell axons
34
``` Is the site where the optic nerve leaves the eye Lacks photoreceptors (the blind spot) ```
The optic disc
35
Photoreceptors of the retina
rods, cones
36
Respond to dim light | Are used for peripheral vision
rods
37
Respond to bright light Have high-acuity color vision Are found in the macula lutea
Cones
38
separates the internal eye into anterior and posterior segments
The lens
39
The anterior segment is composed of two chambers
anterior and posterior
40
between the cornea and the iris
anterior
41
between the iris and the lens
posterior
42
A biconvex, transparent, flexible, avascular structure that: | Allows precise focusing of light onto the retina
Lens
43
Pathway of light entering the eye
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, and the neural layer of the retina to the photoreceptors
44
Arranged in a stack of disklike infoldings of the plasma membrane that change shape as they absorb light
Photoreceptors
45
Sensitive to dim light and best suited for night vision
rods
46
Absorb all wavelengths of visible light
rods
47
Perceived input is in gray tones only
rods
48
The three types of cones
blue, green, and red
49
Functional characteristics Need bright light for activation (have low sensitivity) Have pigments that furnish a vividly colored view
Cones
50
to substances dissolved in saliva
taste
51
to substances dissolved in fluids of the nasal membranes
smell
52
gustation
taste
53
olfaction
smell
54
gustation and olfaction are what type of senses
chemical senses
55
The organ of smell is the
olfactory epithelium
56
What does the olfactory epithelium cover
superior nasal concha
57
found in papillae of the tongue mucosa
Taste buds
58
which papillae contain taste buds
Fungiform and circumvallate
59
Part of the outer ear-auricle composed of
helix, lobule, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane
60
Auricle is called
pinna
61
what is the helix
rim
62
what is the lobule
earlobe
63
Short, curved tube filled with ceruminous glands
External auditory canal
64
Thin connective tissue membrane that vibrates in response to sound Transfers sound energy to the middle ear ossicles Boundary between outer and middle ears
Tympanic membrane
65
Eardrum
Tympanic membrane
66
A small, air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity | Flanked laterally by the eardrum
Middle Ear
67
connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
Pharyngotympanic tube
68
Equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity with the external air pressure
Pharyngotympanic tube
69
Inner Ear is also called
Bony labyrinth
70
Contains the vestibule, the cochlea, and the semicircular canals
Inner Ear
71
Channels worming their way through the temporal bone
Inner Ear
72
The central cavity of the bony labyrinth
The Vestibule
73
Suspended in the vestibule perilymph are two sacs
the saccule and utricle
74
what do the two sace in the vestibule do
House equilibrium receptors called maculae | Respond to gravity and changes in the position of the head
75
A spiral, conical, bony chamber that: | Extends from the anterior vestibule
The Cochlea
76
The cochlea is divided into three chambers
Scala vestibuli Scala media Scala tympani
77
A pressure disturbance (alternating areas of high and low pressure) originating from a vibrating object
Sound
78
The route of sound to the inner ear follows this pathway: outer
pinna, auditory canal, eardrum
79
The route of sound to the inner ear follows this pathway: middle
malleus, incus, and stapes to the oval window
80
The route of sound to the inner ear follows this pathway: inner
scalas vestibuli and tympani to the cochlear duct

A&P Study Notes (12 decks)

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