Sympathetic/Parasympathetic; Cranial Nerves (Ch 14)

Question 1

The 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 1

parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

Question 2

mobilizes the body during extreme situations

Answer 2

Sympathetic system

Question 3

performs maintenance activities and conserves body energy

Answer 3

Parasympathetic system

Question 4

The “resting and digesting” system, keeps body energy use as low as possible

Answer 4

Parasympathetic

Question 5

Involves the D activities – digestion, defecation, and diuresis.

Answer 5

Parasympathetic

Question 6

The “fight-or-flight” system

Answer 6

Sympathetic

Question 7

Involves E activities – exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment

Answer 7

Sympathetic

Question 8

During vigorous physical activity, sympathetic division promotes other adjustments. What are they?

Answer 8

Visceral blood vessels are constricted
Bronchioles in the lungs dilate
temporarily nonessential activities, such as gastrointestinal tract motility are damped

Question 9

In the parasympathetic (cranial division) division, what is cranial outflow

Answer 9

Preganglionic fibers run in the oculomotor, facial, glosspharyngeal, and vagus cranial nerves

Question 10

innervate smooth muscles in the eyes that cause pupils to constrict and the lenses to bulge, so one can focus on close objects.

Answer 10

Oculomotor nerves (III)

Question 11

stimulate many large glands in the head. Fibers that activate the nasal glands and the lacrimal glands of the eyes

Answer 11

Facial nerves (VII)

Question 12

activate the parotid salivary glands

Answer 12

Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX)

Question 13

fibers to the neck and to nerve plexuses serving virtually every organ in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Answer 13

Vagus nerves (X)

Question 14

Vagus nerves innervate what

Answer 14

liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, kidneys, pancreas, and the proximal half of the large intestine

Question 15

As the vagus nerves pass into the thorax, they send branches to the

Answer 15

cardiac plexuses supplying fibers to the heart that slow heart rate, the pulmonary plexuses serving the lungs and bronchi, and the esophageal plexuses supplying the esophagus.

Question 16

the rest of the large intestine and the pelvic organs are served by the

Answer 16

sacral outflow

Question 17

What other organs are served by the sacral outflow

Answer 17

distal half of the large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs

Question 18

which division innervates more organs

Answer 18

sympathetic

Question 19

How do the sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division innervate the pathways to the head

Answer 19

Serves the skin and blood vessels of the head; It’s fibers stimulate the dilator muscles of the irises of the eyes, inhibit the nasal and salivary glands, innervate the smooth muscle that lifts the upper eyelid

Question 20

How do the sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division innervate the pathways to the thorax

Answer 20

Originates at T1-T6; Innervate the heart via the cardiac plexus, some innervate the thyroid gland

Question 21

the major neurotransmitters released by ANS neurons

Answer 21

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Question 22

the major actor in controlling blood pressure, even at rest

Answer 22

Sympathetic division

Question 23

Division that normally dominate the heart and the smooth muscle of digestive and urinary tract organs

Answer 23

Parasympathetic

Question 24

Division that slows the heart and dictates the normal activity levels of the digestive and urinary tracts

Answer 24

Parasympathetic division

Question 25

most glands are activated by ______ fibers

Answer 25

parasympathetic

Question 26

which division increases the metabolic rate of body cells

Answer 26

Sympathetic division

Question 27

All parasympathetic fibers release

Answer 27

ACh

Question 28

which division raises blood glucose levels

Answer 28

Sympathetic division

Question 29

exerts short-lived, highly localized control over its effectors

Answer 29

parasympathetic division

Question 30

which division mobilizes fats for use as fuels

Answer 30

Sympathetic division

Question 31

Main integration center of the ANS

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

which division increases mental alertness by stimulating the reticular activating system of the brain stem

Answer 32

Sympathetic division

Question 33

Medial and anterior hypothalamic regions direct

Answer 33

parasympathetic functions

Question 34

lateral and posterior areas direct

Answer 34

sympathetic function

Question 35

contains centers that coordinate heart activity, blood pressure, body temperature, water balance, and endocrine activity

Answer 35

hypothalamus

Question 36

Emotional responses of the limbic lobe of the cerebrum to danger and stress signal the hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic system to

Answer 36

fight or flight status

Question 37

serves as the keystone of the emotional and visceral brain, through its centers emotions influence autonomic nervous system functioning and behavior.

Answer 37

hypothalamus

Question 38

nerves of smell

Answer 38

I. olfactory

Question 39

nerve of vision. Outgrowth of the brain

Answer 39

II. optic

Question 40

means “eye mover”. Supplies four of the six extrinsic muscles that move the eyeball in the orbit.

Answer 40

III. oculomotor

Question 41

innervates an extrinsic eye muscles that loops through a pulley-shaped ligament in the orbit.

Answer 41

IV. trochlear

Question 42

3 branches, largest of the cranial nerves. Sensory fibers to the face and motor fibers to the chewing muscles.

Answer 42

V. Trigeminal

Question 43

controls the extrinsic eye muscles that abducts the eyeball (turns it laterally).

Answer 43

VI. Abducens

Question 44

innervates muscles of facial expression.

Answer 44

VII. Facial

Question 45

sensory nerve for hearing and balance, formerly the auditory nerve

Answer 45

VIII. Vestibulocochlear

Question 46

means “tongue and pharynx” and helps to innervate these structures.

Answer 46

IX. Glossopharyngeal

Question 47

only cranial nerve to extend to the abdomen

Answer 47

X. Vagus

Question 48

accessory part of the vagus nerve. Formerly called the spinal accessory nerve.

Answer 48

XI. Accessory

Question 49

runs inferior to the tongue and innervates some tongue-moving muscles

Answer 49

XII. Hypoglossal