Ch 16

Question 1

Blake, banks, patience, and Lund have indicated that school counselors…

Answer 1

must begin using evidence-based practices in assessing bullying

Question 2

best practice…

Answer 2

in counseling must be evidence based

Question 3

documents by counselors..

Answer 3

notes from client sessions, evaluations of client, reports regarding counseling programs, correspondence among counseling staff members, and letter to individuals outside the setting where counselors work

Question 4

reasons students don’t believe in plagiarism??

Answer 4

web page does not include author info
info is common knowledge
ideas of originality and author ownership are out model in todays world

Question 5

ACA plagiarism

Answer 5

requires counselors to give credit to previous work on a topic by others or self
states that the practice of presenting the work of others as if it were ones own work can extend to ideas as well as written words

Question 6

consequences of plagiarism

Answer 6

school: given a failing grade on assignment, issued an academic warning, suspended, or even dismissed
courts of law: pay monetary damages to the original author of work

Question 7

tips for avoiding plagiarism

Answer 7

figure 16-1 p. 386

Question 8

roles in research

Answer 8

principal investigator
research assistant
research supervisor

Question 9

principal investigator

Answer 9

the individual who conceptualizes, designs, and plans the study

Question 10

research assistant

Answer 10

one or more persons who assist in the data collection, statistical analysis, or other components of the research study

Question 11

research supervisor

Answer 11

this person advises and oversees the research of someone else
typically would be a professor

Question 12

when students volunteer or are asked to serve as research assistants, the counselor educator should provide…

Answer 12

1. assurance that there will be no penalty to students who decline to participate
2. a clarification of expectations regarding who will do which parts of the work
3. a timeline for completion of the various tasks
4. an agreement about the type of acknowledgment that the students will receive when the research is published
5. an agreement about the process that will be followed if any problems or misunderstandings should occur

Question 13

the overarching goal of all counseling research is..

Answer 13

to identify interventions that will facilitate positive changes in clients and in their lives

Question 14

qualitative research

Answer 14

uses words to create rich descriptions to understand the experiences of people who have lived a particular phenomenon
honors both empirical data and the power of personal narrative

Question 15

steps to take to prove integrity in research

Answer 15

prolonged engagement and persistent observation
triangulation
peer debriefing
negative case analysis
reflexivity
thick description
member checking
external audits
complexity of analysis
referential adequacy

Question 16

contextual variables include…

Answer 16

client characteristics
counselor variables (including all of the same individual characteristics that apply to clients, plus training, experience, and theoretical orientation)
counseling process variables (interactional and reciprocal aspects of counseling)

Question 17

difficulties in conducting research with ethnic minority groups and women

Answer 17

1. counseling practices based on western theories or treatment modalities may be culturally inappropriate for some members of minority groups
2. researchers often have difficulty finding an appropriate sample to study, due to the small size of some minority populations and the unwillingness of some groups to become research participants
3. because race or ethnicity and gender are closely linked to other variables such as socioeconomic status, researches must account for these other variables before attributing any differences to race or gender
4. many standardized tests have questionable validity when used with minority group research participants

Question 18

three ways to minimize risks to participants are..

Answer 18

1. ensure the participation is voluntary
2. secure participants informed consent
3. protect the confidentiality of participants

Question 19

informed consent for participants of research

Answer 19

1. the purpose of the research and procedures to be followed
2. any procedures that are experimental
3. discomforts and risks involved, power differential between researcher and participants
4. benefits or changes in individuals that might be expected
5. appropriate alternative procedures that might be advantageous for clients
6. their right to have their questions answered regarding the procedures
7. any limitations on confidentiality
8. the format and target audiences for dissemination of the research findings
9. their freedom to withdraw their consent and discontinue their participation at any time, without penalty
   **isseues include concealment or deception

Question 20

the national research act of 1974..

Answer 20

requires institutions that receive any federal funds to establish committees to review research proposals to ensure that human participants are protected

Question 21

institutional review boards

Answer 21

universities and other research institutions have them
approve and oversee research involving human subjects
require researchers to submit detailed proposals describing informed consent procedures, the voluntary nature of participation, and the protection of confidentiality of information collected

Question 22

four ethical obligations when reporting results

Answer 22

1. they need to honor their commitments to research participants
2. explain the nature of the study to remove any misconceptions
3. report their results honestly and accurately
4. make available sufficient original research data to qualified professionals who may with to replicate their study

Question 23

commitments to participants

Answer 23

1. it is respectful o give them the results at a later date
2. participants have a right to know the outcome of the study they participated in
3. individuals who receive follow-up information might be more willing to participate in studies in the future

Question 24

debriefing

Answer 24

the process of providing feedback

Question 25

if you plan to conduct research, you must consider...

Answer 25

1. when you will offer to give feedback to your participants 2. how you will give it 3. what you will tell them

Question 26

ACA code of ethics guidance regarding fill and accurate reporting of results

Answer 26

1. ethical counselors do not ignore findings that run contrary to their hopes or expectations 2. they do not distort or misrepresent data or deliberately bias their results and describe the extent to which results are applicable for diverse populations 3. they must communicate the results of any research judged to be of professional value, even if it reflects unfavorably on institutions, programs, services, prevailing opinions, or vested interests 4. if they discover significant errors in their publishing research, they take reasonable steps to correct those errors

Question 27

ethical issues related to publication include...

Answer 27

giving credit to others for their work following appropriate procedures for submitting work for publication consideration legal issues: observing copyright laws, signing contracts, and reporting income derived from research, presentations, or publications

Question 28

ACA code of ethics publishing guidelines

Answer 28

1. in publishing, counselors are familiar with and give recognition to previous work on a research topic and give full credit to those who deserve it 2. they must give credit through joint authorship, acknowledgment, footnote statements, or other appropriate means to those who have contributed significantly to their work, in accordance with such contributions 3. guidelines exist for determining the order and types of acknowledgment to be given when more than one person has contributed to research (principal contributor first, minor technical or professional contributions are acknowledge in notes or intro statements