Ch. 16 and 17 Male/Female Reproductive Systems Study Guide Flashcards by Marybeth Shelton

Small, ovoid glands in the scrotum

testes

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Area between the scrotum and anus in males

perineum

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Responsible for the production of sperm

seminiferous tubules

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Sperm formation =

spermatogenesis

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Tightly coiled tube, comma-shaped, houses sperm until mature

epididymis

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Mature sperm are stored in the _____________ portion of the epididymis.

lower

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The epididymis leads to the ____________

vas deferens

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The vas deferens travels up and around the __________ then down towards the ___________ gland.

bladder

prostate

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The vas deferens merges with the ____________ vesicle to form the _____________ duct.

seminal

ejaculatory

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The seminal vesicles secrete a thick, yellowish fluid which makes up a large volume of __________.

semen

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Each ________________ (1 from each side) passes through the prostate gland.

ejaculatory duct

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Below the prostate gland are 2 small, pea-sized glands:

Cowper’s glands

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During intercourse, Cowper’s glands secrete a fluid that:

provides lubrication

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These 3 glands/vesicles each secrete fluids that nourish sperm and enhance motility:

seminal vesicles
Cowper’s glands
prostate gland

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One ejaculation =

1.5 - 6 mL

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1 mL =

50 - 150 million sperm

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micturition =

urination

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dysuria =

painful urination

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exudate =

pus

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flaccid =

weak, lacking normal muscle tone

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mucopurulent =

combination of mucus and pus

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orchidopexy =

surgical fixation of an undescended testicle

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prepuce =

foreskin

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Glans penis =

tip of penis

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BPH

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is

enlargement of the prostate gland creates pressure obstructs urine flow usually in men over 50

Hypospadias is

urethral opening on the underside of the penis

Hydrocele is

accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity, particularly the scrotal sac

Treatment for hydrocele =

surgical removal

An inguinal hernia is:

protrusion of the intestine through weakened spot of the muscles

Tightness of the prepuce (foreskin) where it cannot retract:

phimosis

Varicose veins of the spermatic cord

varicocele | spermatic cord = arteries, veins, lymphatics, nerves, vas deferens

A varicocele causes discomfort and can lower _________ because of _______ generation.

sperm count | heat

Genital warts are caused by:

HPV (human papillomavirus)

Treatment for HPV:

topical medicine cryosurgery debridement

HPV is known to cause what in females:

cervical cancer

Removing the prepuce is called:

circumcision

Common circumcision techniques:

Plastibell | Gomco

TURP

transurethral resection of the prostate

For a TURP, what type of scope is used?

resectoscope

The resectoscope is inserted through the urethra to the bladder to remove small pieces of . . .

prostate gland

Suprapubic prostatectomy is removing prostate through the _______________ above the pubic bone and through the _________________.

abdominal wall | bladder cavity

The suprapubic prostatectomy is used when the prostate is too large to do a . . .

TURP

Surgical cutting and typing of the vas deferens to stop the passage of sperm.

vasectomy

BPH

benign prostatic hypertrophy

genitourinary

VDRL

venereal disease research laboratory

PSA

prostate (prostatic) specific antigen

KUB

kidneys, ureters, bladder

IVP

intravenous pyelogram

mammary gland =

lactation

The female external genitalia includes mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, urethra, vaginal orifice, Bartholin's glands and perineum. This is also called the:

vulva or pudenum

BUS

Bartholin's, urethra, and Skene's glands

Bartholin's glands are similar to:

Cowper's glands

Skene's gland is similar to:

prostate gland

In a female, the perineum is located:

between the vaginal orifice and the anus

Internal genitalia includes:

``` vagina uterus cervix tubes ovaries ```

The pelvis in females is _________ than in males.

wider

_______________ usually refers to the tubes, ovaries, and ligaments of the uterus:

adnexa

Cervix:

neck of the uterus - protrudes into the vagina

Inner lining of the uterus:

endometrium

Release of an egg each month is

ovulation

Menorrhea =

menstruation

Dysmenorrhea =

painful menstruation

Amenorrhea =

absence of menstrual flow

Mass that forms on the ovary after ovulation:

corpus luteum

Menorrhagia =

abnormally long periods

Menometrorrhagia =

irregular bleeding during and between menstrual cycles

Myometrium =

muscle layer of the uterus

Conization =

a cone-shaped segment of the uterus removed for biopsy -- (cone biopsy)

Menarche =

first menstrual period

Oligomenorrhea =

abnormally light or infrequent menstruation

Breast carcinoma is . . .

breast cancer

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

ductal carcinoma | invades mammary ducts

Downward protrusion of the bladder through the wall of the vagina

cystocele

Endometriosis is:

endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus scar tissue builds up very painful

Benign cysts that form on or near the ovaries:

ovarian cysts

Noncancerous tumors in the myometrium

uterine fibroids

Inability to hold urine when the bladder is stressed:

stress incontinence

What exercises are used to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles?

Kegel

Colposcopy is when there is a visual examination of the _______ and _______ with a colposcope.

vagina and cervix

Looking at ______ cells under the microscope to diagnose abnormal cells is called?

``` cervical Pap smear (Papanicolau) ```

To dilate the cervix and scrape out the uterus is:

D&C | dilatation and curettage

Surgically cutting the fallopian tubes to prevent the passage of ova or sperm:

tubal ligation

Palpating the internal genitalia with two hands, one hand on the abdomen and one-two fingers in vagina:

bimanual examination

Why is a bimanual examination performed?

detect cysts determine size of uterus look for any abnormalities

LEEP:

loop electrosurgical excision procedure

What does a LEEP do?

removes abnormal cells from cervix with a wire loop with an electrical current

X-ray of the breasts to look for abnormalities:

mammogram

How many views are there for a mammogram?

2 MLO - mediolateral oblique (side to side) CC - craniocaudal (top to bottom)

abortion (miscarriage)

D&C

dilatation and curettage

GYN

gynecology

obstetrics

IUD

intrauterine device

LMP

last menstrual period

PMS

premenstrual syndrome

TAH, BSO

total abdominal hysterectomy | bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Ch. 16 and 17 Male/Female Reproductive Systems Study Guide Flashcards

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