Ch. 18 Obstetrics Study Guide

Question 1

What is the name of a physician who specializes in the care of women during pregnancy?

Answer 1

obstetrician

Question 2

How long is gestation?

Answer 2

40 weeks - 3 trimesters

Question 3

An ovum is . . .

Answer 3

female sex cell

Question 4

How long can mature ovum survive?

Answer 4

24 hours

Question 5

How long can sperm survive?

Answer 5

24 - 72 hours in cervical crypts

Question 6

Fertilization usually takes place in the outer ______ of the fallopian tube.

Answer 6

1/3 - part closest to the ovary

Question 7

A zygote is . . .

Answer 7

fertilized ovum

Question 8

An article of conception is considered an embryo in what time span?

Answer 8

2nd - 8th weeks

Question 9

An article of conception is considered a fetus after what time span?

Answer 9

9 weeks

Question 10

The amniotic sac is a strong, thin-walled sac. What is the purpose?

Answer 10

to protect the growing fetus

Question 11

The outer layer of the amniotic sac is called?

Answer 11

chorion

Question 12

The inner layer of the amniotic sac is called?

Answer 12

amnion

Question 13

What is the function of amniotic fluid?

Answer 13

cushions and protects the fetus

Question 14

What is the placenta?

Answer 14

highly vascular, disk-shaped organ that forms in the pregnant uterine wall for exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother and fetus

Question 15

What are the 4 functions of the placenta?

Answer 15

fetal respiration
nutrition
excretion
produces hormones HCG, estrogen, and progesterone

Question 16

The umbilical cord arises from the center of the placenta. What is the function?

Answer 16

lifeline between mother and fetus

Question 17

Does the blood mix between the baby and mother?

Answer 17

not the firstborn

possible Rh incompatibility in future children

Question 18

Lacatation =

Answer 18

breastfeeding

Question 19

Amenorrhea =

Answer 19

absence of menstruation

Question 20

The uterus grows from ________ to _________ during pregnancy.

Answer 20

2 oz to 2 lbs

Question 21

The cervix and vagina take on a bluish-violet hue, this is called . . .?

Answer 21

Chadwick’s sign
due to increased blood flow
early sign of pregnancy

Question 22

Softening of the cervix is called?

Answer 22

Goodell’s sign

Question 23

Increased vaginal discharge at the beginning of pregnancy . . .

Answer 23

leukorrhea

Question 24

What changes happen to the breasts during pregnancy?

Answer 24

increase in size

areola becomes darkly pigmented

Question 25

What is colostrum?

Answer 25

thin, yellowish fluid secreted by breasts the first few days after delivery

Question 26

Why is it better for pregnant women to lie on their side?

Answer 26

to prevent supine hypotension | relieve pressure on abdominal blood vessels

Question 27

Why do women have more urination during the first 3 months of pregnancy?

Answer 27

the increased size of the uterus creates additional pressure on the bladder

Question 28

What is chloasma?

Answer 28

mask of pregnancy | fades over time

Question 29

What is a normal weight gain during pregnancy?

Answer 29

20 - 30 lbs

Question 30

EDC

Answer 30

estimated date of confinement

Question 31

EDD

Answer 31

estimated date of delivery

Question 32

HCG

Answer 32

human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 33

LMP

Answer 33

last menstrual period

Question 34

SVD

Answer 34

spontaneous vaginal delivery

Question 35

What formula is used to calculate the estimated date of confinement (EDC)?

Answer 35

Nagele's rule

Question 36

What is Nagele's rule?

Answer 36

Subtract 3 mos from the beginning of LMP | add 7 days to the date

Question 37

Amnion =

Answer 37

inner of two membrane layers that surround and contain the fetus and amniotic fluid

Question 38

Braxton-Hicks contractions =

Answer 38

irregular, ineffective contractions of the uterus

Question 39

Coitus =

Answer 39

sexual intercourse, copulation

Question 40

Doppler =

Answer 40

listening device for fetal heartbeat

Question 41

Edema =

Answer 41

swelling, water retention

Question 42

Effacement =

Answer 42

thinning of the cervix

Question 43

Episiotomy =

Answer 43

incision of the perineum

Question 44

Fundus =

Answer 44

top of the uterus

Question 45

Gestation =

Answer 45

term of pregnancy

Question 46

Gravida =

Answer 46

pregnant

Question 47

Lithotomy position =

Answer 47

lying on back, knees bent, heels in elevated foot rests | normal delivery position

Question 48

Multigravida =

Answer 48

multiple pregnancies

Question 49

Para =

Answer 49

given birth = deliveries

Question 50

Multipara =

Answer 50

given birth more than once

Question 51

Pyrosis =

Answer 51

heartburn

Question 52

Preeclampsia =

Answer 52

high blood pressure proteinuria edema = after 20 weeks gestation

Question 53

Salpingectomy =

Answer 53

removing (1 or 2) fallopian tube(s)

Question 54

Oophorectomy =

Answer 54

removing (1 or 2) ovary(ies)

Question 55

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) =

Answer 55

removing both tubes and ovaries

Question 56

Dilation =

Answer 56

up to 10 cm

Question 57

Abortion (medical term) =

Answer 57

miscarriage / spontaneous abortion usually happens during 1st trimester bleeding, cramping, pressure

Question 58

If all products of conception are not expelled, what is necessary?

Answer 58

D&C

Question 59

Abruptio placenta =

Answer 59

premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall after 20 weeks of gestation or labor

Question 60

Symptoms of abruptio placenta =

Answer 60

board-like firmness to the abdomen | with tenderness and bleeding

Question 61

Placenta previa =

Answer 61

placenta is implanted in the lower uterus over the cervical opening

Question 62

Symptoms of placenta previa =

Answer 62

causes bleeding during the 3rd trimester

Question 63

Ectopic pregnancy =

Answer 63

tubal pregnancy | usually rupture between 6-12 weeks

Question 64

Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy =

Answer 64

vaginal spotting | sharp abdominal pain

Question 65

Treatment of ectopic pregnancy =

Answer 65

surgery is performed if it hasn't ruptured, | if it has ruptured a salpingectomy is done

Question 66

Gestational diabetes =

Answer 66

developing diabetes during pregnancy

Question 67

When does gestational diabetes usually present?

Answer 67

latter part of pregnancy | increased risk with obesity, positive diabetic family history, birthing large babies, and maternal age over 30

Question 68

Hyperemesis gravidarum =

Answer 68

severe vomiting during pregnancy

Question 69

Incompetent cervix =

Answer 69

cervical os (opening) dilates before term, spontaneous abortion results

Question 70

What is the treatment for an incompetent cervix?

Answer 70

suturing the cervix = cerclage | sutures removed near the end of pregnancy

Question 71

What is Rh incompatibility?

Answer 71

incompatibility between an Rh negative mother's blood with her Rh positive baby's blood causing the mother's body to develop antibodies that will destroy the Rh positive blood.

Question 72

Amniocentesis =

Answer 72

surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to extract amniotic fluid

Question 73

Why is an amniocentesis performed?

Answer 73

test DNA for abnormalities

Question 74

Cesarean section =

Answer 74

abdomen and uterus are incised | baby is delivered transabdominally

Question 75

Pelvic ultrasound =

Answer 75

high frequency sound wave to examine the abdomen and pelvis