Ch 1.6 Terminology & Body Plan

Question 1

Anatomical Position

Answer 1

Refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward

Question 2

Supine

Answer 2

Lying face up

Question 3

Prone

Answer 3

Lying face down

Question 4

Superior

Answer 4

Above

Question 5

Inferior

Answer 5

Below

Question 6

Anterior

Answer 6

In front of

Question 7

Posterior

Answer 7

Behind

Question 8

Cephalic

Answer 8

Closer to the head than another structure

Question 9

Caudal

Answer 9

Closer to the tail than another structure

Question 10

Ventral

Answer 10

Toward the belly

Question 11

Dorsal

Answer 11

Toward the back

Question 12

Proximal

Answer 12

Closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure

Question 13

Distal

Answer 13

Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

Away from the midline of the body

Question 15

Medial

Answer 15

Toward the midline of the body

Question 16

Superficial

Answer 16

Toward or on the surface

Question 17

Deep

Answer 17

Away from the surface, internal

Question 18

Thorax

Answer 18

Chest cavity where heart and lungs are located

Question 19

Abdomen

Answer 19

Contains organs such as liver, stomach, and intestines

Question 20

Pelvis

Answer 20

Contains bladder and reproductive organs

Question 21

Sagittal Plane

Answer 21

Separates body/structure into right and left halves

Question 22

Median Plane

Answer 22

A sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body separating it into equal right and left halves

Question 23

Transverse Plane

Answer 23

(horizontal) runs parallel to the ground, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

Question 24

Frontal Plane

Answer 24

(coronal) divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) havles

Question 25

Longitudinal Section

Answer 25

A cut through the length of the organ

Question 26

Transverse (cross) Section

Answer 26

A cut at a right angle to the length of an organ

Question 27

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 27

Encloses the organs of the nervous system, brain, and spinal cord. The 2 subdivisions are the cranial cavity (brain) and the vertebral canal (spinal cord).

Question 28

Meninges

Answer 28

Membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

Question 29

Ventral Body Cavity

Answer 29

Houses the vast majority of our internal organs, collectively referred to as the VISCERA. 2 subdivisions are the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 30

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 30

Space within the thoracic walls, bounded below by the diaphragm and above by the neck. Superior to the abdominopelvic cavity and houses primarily the heart and lungs. Divided into 2 subcategories: 2 lateral pleural cavities (each encloses a lung and is surrounded by the ribs) and a medial mediastinum (houses heart and major blood vessels in addition to the thymus, trachea, and esophagus)

Question 31

Pleural Cavities

Answer 31

Potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura. 2 cavities in the thoracic cavity, each encloses a lung and is surrounded by the ribs.

Question 32

Medial Mediastinum

Answer 32

Houses heart and major blood vessels in addition to the thymus, trachea, and esophagus

Question 33

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 33

Enclosed by abdominal muscles and consists of the more superior abdominal cavity and the more inferior pelvic cavity

Question 34

Peritoneal Cavity

Answer 34

Houses the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 35

Serous Membrane

Answer 35

Double layered, Thin sheet composed of epithelial and connective tissues; it lines cavities that do not open to the outside of the body or contain glands but do secrete serous fluid.

Question 36

Parietal Serous Membrane

Answer 36

Layer that lines the walls of the cavities

Question 37

Visceral Serous Membrane

Answer 37

Layer covering the internal organs

Question 38

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 38

Contains the heart and is located in the mediastinum

Question 39

Parietal Pericardium

Answer 39

Serous membrane lining the fibrous portion of the pericardial sac.

Question 40

Visceral Pericardium

Answer 40

Serous membrane covering the surface of the heart; also called epicardium

Question 41

Pericardial Fluid

Answer 41

Viscous fluid contained within the pericardial cavity between the visceral and parietal pericardium; functions as a lubricant

Question 42

Parietal Pleura

Answer 42

Serous membrane that lines the different parts of the wall of the pleural cavity

Question 43

Visceral Pleura

Answer 43

Serous membrane investing the lungs and dipping into the fissures between several lobes

Question 44

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 44

Layer of peritoneum lining the abdominal walls

Question 45

Visceral Peritoneum

Answer 45

Layer of peritoneum covering the abdominal organs

Question 46

Retroperitoneal

Answer 46

Behind the peritoneum