Ch. 17-18 Algae

Question 1

Cyanobacteria

Answer 1

• Bacteria that is photosynthetic
• Prokaryotes

Question 2

Cyanobacteria Pigments

Answer 2

A. Chlorophyll a,d,f
B. Phycobilins
- Phycocyanin (blue)
- Phycoerythrin (red)

Question 3

Cyanobacteria Description

Answer 3

• Photosynthesize - Produce O2
• May fix N2 in heterocyst
• Recombination but no mitosis, meiosis
• NO flagella but some move

Question 4

Examples of unpigmented Bacteria

Answer 4

Staphylococcus
Spirillum
Streptococcus

Question 5

Ecology of Cyanobacteria

Answer 5

a. Ponds
b. Ocean (e.g. Synechococcus) common cyanobacteria that lives in the ocean
c. Hot Water - precipitates calcium carbonate
d. Stromatolites
e. Algal blooms: Nostoc, Anabaena, Microcystis
f. Fertilize rice fields
g. Symbionts

Question 6

Symbionts (Symbiotic Cyanobacteria)

Answer 6

Lichen
anemone
Sponges
Snails
Cyads
Azola Ferns

Question 7

Prochlorophytes

Answer 7

• they do not have mitochondria but are photosynthetic
• have chlorophyll a & b but no phycobilins or phycocianbs

Question 8

Phylum Chlorophyta

Answer 8

Green Algae

Question 9

Phylum Chlorophyta description

Answer 9

a. unicells, filaments, sheets, colonies, spheres, stars
b. Fresh ??

Question 10

Unicellular Phylum Chlorophyta

Answer 10

• Motile: Chlamydomonas, Chorella
• Cup shaped chloroplast
• Desmids - star or crescent shaped
• Acetabularia (Mermades wine glass)

Question 11

Filamentus Phylum Chlorophyta

Answer 11

• Spirogyra - reproduction via conjugation
• Oedogonium - a great food source for the future.
• Hydrodictyon - makes a network

Question 12

Colonial (multicellular) Phylum Chlorophyta

Answer 12

• Ulva
• Volvox - ball of several hundred cells

Question 13

Ceonocytic (multinuclear and one cell) Phylum Chlorophyta

Answer 13

• Codium

Question 14

Characteristics of Phylum Chromaphyta in common with

Answer 14

a. Chlorophyll a + carotenoids, xanthophylls (Fucoxanthin)
b. Store food energy as oil or carbohydrate laminarin
c. Hairlike projection on flagellum

Question 15

Family Xanthophyceae

Answer 15

Yellow-Green Algae

Question 16

Description Family Xanthophyceae

Answer 16

• Freshwater unicells
• Flagellae point opposite directions

Question 17

Family Chrysophyceae

Answer 17

Golden-Brown Algae

Question 18

Description Family Chrysophyceae

Question 19

Family Bacillariophyceae

Answer 19

Diatoms

Question 20

Description of Family Bacillariophyceae

Answer 20

• Unicellular, Diploid
• Centric, Pennate
• Frustule of pectins with silica
• Cell division
• Chlorophylls a, c, fucoxanthin
• Build a structure of pectins around themselves that is hard as glass.

Question 21

Reproduction of Family Bacillariophyceae

Answer 21

-Half the cells of each generation become progressively smaller
- The other half remain consistent in size
- When they get really small they switch to sexual reproduction

Question 22

Ecology of Family Bacillariophyceae

Answer 22

• Primary Producers
• Oil stores
• Diatomaceous earth

Question 23

Family Phaeophyceae

Answer 23

Brown Algae

Question 24

Description of Family Phaeophyceae

Answer 24

• Multicellular, diploid
• Holdfast, stipe, blade
• brown due to Fucoxanthin
• Bladders are called pneumatocysts

Question 25

Examples of Family Phaeophyceae

Answer 25

- Laminaria (flat) - Bullwhip kelp - Fucus (Rockweed) - Sargassum (little bulbs)

Question 26

Reproduction of Family Phaeophyceae

Answer 26

Tips of thallus swells up and fills with gelatinous material. - full of pores that contain concepticales - in the male and female concepticals - Female makes 8 eggs - Male makes 64 sperm see slide

Question 27

Products from Brown algae

Answer 27

- Algin - product in ice cream to make it smooth and beer to make it foaming -

Question 28

Phylum Rhodophyta

Answer 28

Red Algae

Question 29

Description of Phylum Rhodophyta

Answer 29

- Multicellular seaweed - Filaments or packed into thalli - Complex life cycles -- 3 generations - Chlorophylls a, d, phycobilins - Storage product = Floridean starch - Agar, Caragheean

Question 30

Phylum Euglenophyta

Answer 30

Euglenas

Question 31

Despription of Phylum Euglenophyta

Answer 31

- Elongated unicell with flexible pellicle - Food groove - Chloroplasts or not - One Flagellum has a fringe of hair and the other smaller one has an eyespot - Sexual reproduction has never been observed

Question 32

Ecology of Phylum Euglenophyta

Answer 32

- Common in polluted Water

Question 33

Phylum Dynophyta

Answer 33

Dinoflagellates

Question 34

Description of Phylum Dynophyta

Answer 34

- Planktonic unicells - Covered with cellulose plates - Two flagellae - Many have chlorophyll a,c; Xanthrophylls - Lots of condensed DNA - Bioluminescent

Question 35

Ecology of Phylum Dynophyta

Answer 35

- Warm Marine - Red tides

Question 36

Phylum Prymnesiophyta

Answer 36

Haptophytes (Haptophyta)

Question 37

Description of Phylum Prymnesiophyta

Answer 37

- Small unicells w/ 3 flagellae - 3rd flagellum - for food capture - Chromophyte pigments: Chlotophyll a, carotenoids, xanthophylls - Most covered with calcified plates

Question 38

Ecology of Phylum Prymnesiophyta

Answer 38

- Planktonic Marine

Question 39

Phylum Charophyta

Answer 39

Stoneworts

Question 40

Description of Phylum Charophyta

Answer 40

- Slender stalk with whorls of branches - Green algal pigments: Chlorophylls a, b, carotenoids - Often have calcified surfaces

Question 41

Ecology

Answer 41

- Mostly in lakes and ponds