Chapter 3: Plant Cells Flashcards
(35 cards)
1
Q
Plant Cell Size
A
10-100 micro meters (a few much larger)
2
Q
Plant Cells Shape
A
- Immature and Parenchymal cells are spherical
- Mature cells are Faceted, then cylindrical
14 different facets - they will get harder cell walls then elongate
3
Q
Number of Plant cells
A
50 million in one leaf
4
Q
Structures in of Primary Cell Wall
A
- Pectin
- Cellulose - most abundant polymer on earth
- Hemicellulose - can form cross links, helps bind cell wall together
- Glycoproteins -
- Plasmodesmata
The inside of the cell wall in the newest.
Middle lamella is the farthest out
then primary well
Last Three layers of secondary wall
5
Q
Structures in the secondary cell wall
A
- Lignin - makes it waterproof and tough to breakdown
6
Q
Structures of the plasma Membrane
A
- Thin
- Double phospholipid layer
7
Q
Structure of the plant cell nucleus
A
- Nuclear envelope’s outer later has lots of pores. “Ports” 1/3 of surface area
- Nucleolus is a spherical factory. It’s job it to build ribosomes
- Chromatin - coil up
- Nucleoplasm
8
Q
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
-Rough
-Smooth - lipid secretion takes place
9
Q
Dictyosomes
A
- Similar structures with Golgi apparatus
- modify the Glycoproteins
- Make carbohydrates Pack it is vesicles to send out
10
Q
Plastids
A
- Double membrane-bound organelle.
- Includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, Leucoplasts, and Tannosomes
11
Q
Chloroplasts
A
- Many large shaped chloroplasts
- Fat coin-shaped structure
- Filled with a liquid called the stroma
- Grana (thylakoids) - looks like a stack of coins. It’s where photosynthesis takes place. Caratenoids are inside
- The enzyme RuBp is coded for in the cholorplast
12
Q
Chromoplasts
A
- can form from chloroplasts if they lose chlorophyll
- Carrots
- Red peppers
13
Q
Leucoplasts
A
- colorless from a degradation of chloroplast
- there are two types
– Amyloplasts - synthesize and store starch
– Elaioplasts - oil
14
Q
Tannosomes
A
- Made from chloroplasts
- Become filled with tannons
- broken pieces of the thylakoid membrane
- form pearlings
- secreted from cell
- injected into central vacuole
15
Q
What are some plant Microbodies?
A
- Peroxisomes
- Glyoxisimes
- Lysosomes
- Lipid, fat, oil, wax droplets
16
Q
Peroxisomes
A
- contain enzyme that deal with photo respiration in leaves
- hydrogen peroxide is made
17
Q
Glyoxisomes
A
- contain enzymes to convert fat (lipids) to carbohydrades
18
Q
Lysosomes
A
are not found in plants
19
Q
Lipids
A
- traces of liquid and oil found inside
20
Q
Vacuole
A
- Tonoplast - vacuole membrane
- Cell sap - liquid inside the vacuole
21
Q
Cell Sap contents
A
- Acid
- Dissolved salt
- Sugars
- Water soluble pigments
example anthocyanins in black dahlia - Crystal
22
Q
Vacuole function
A
- store cell materials
- push things aside
23
Q
Cytoskeleton
A
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments
24
Q
Microtublues
A
- just inside the plasma membrane
- direct cellulose to cell wall
- move
25
Microfilaments
- more like a thread
-
26
Plant cell cycle
- grows rapidly
- cell division occurs in meristem tissue
27
Interphase in plants
- G1
- S
- G2
- 90% in interphase
- chromosomes are not condensed
28
G1 phase
- Growth time or Gap time
- longest phase
- transcripton and translation takes place
- produces the material for the s phase
29
G2 phase
- mitochondria and plastids divide
- chromosomes start to condense
30
S phase
- second set of each chromosome
31
Mitosis
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
32
Prophase
- Plants don't have centrioles
33
Metaphase
- metophase plate
34
Anaphase
Go towards the two poles
35
Telophase
- structures called phragmoplasts which are directed by ER
- dictiostomes start building a a cell wall out of pectin
- fuse together until the cell plate divides the two cells
