Chapter 7 - Leaves

Question 1

What are the basic parts of a leaf?

Answer 1

• Blade or Lamina
• Petiole
• Veins
• Stipules - usually small
• Abscission Layer - base of the leave that weakens and drops the leaf
• Axillary Bud -
• Leaf Gap

Question 2

Hydrothodes

Answer 2

vascular bundle that is not plugged so it undergoes gluttation

Question 3

Sessile Leaves

Answer 3

When the leaf blade is attached directly to the stem

Question 4

Simple Leaves

Answer 4

They have only one blade. There are many shapes of blades, apexes, leaf bases, and leaf margins

Question 5

Reticulate Venation

Answer 5

common for dicots with a network of veins. There are different vein patterns.

Question 6

Reticulate Venation (Vein patterns)

Answer 6

• Palmate
• Pinnate

Question 7

Parallel Venation

Answer 7

• typical in monocots

Question 8

Dichotomous Venation

Answer 8

Veins spread out like a fan

Question 9

Compound leaves

Answer 9

These leaves have more than one blade

Question 10

Palmately compound.

Answer 10

• look for the axillary bud next to the petiole.
• several leaves from one petiole
• swelling at the base of the leaf.
  example– blackberry

Question 11

Pinnately compund

Answer 11

• it almost always has many leaflets
• can be bi or tripinnately compound

Question 12

What are the leaf arrangments on a stem?

Answer 12

• Alternate
• Opposite
• Whorled

Question 13

Three leaf tissue types

Answer 13

• Epidermis
• Mesophyll
• Vasular bundle

Question 14

Epidermis

Answer 14

• has no chlorophyll
• secrete cutin to make a cuticle on the surface of the leaf
• ## has leave hairs

Question 15

Three types of epidermal cells

Answer 15

• Typical
• guard cells - swell up when it takes in water. on the underside of leaves. guard cells include stomata
• Gland cells - projections that secrete things.

Question 16

Mesophyll in dicots

Answer 16

• Palisade mesophyll - post-like cells that are tightly packed together.
• Spongy mesophyll - regulates the humidity

Question 17

Mesophyll in monocots

Answer 17

don’t have different types of mesophyll

Question 18

bulliform cells

Answer 18

huge, bubble-shaped epidermal cells found on the top surface of leaves in groups of multiple monocots. they store water.

Question 19

tannins

Answer 19

tanned proteins that are denatured. Leaf turns brown of tan color

Question 20

Carotenoids

Answer 20

Carotenes: yellow or orange
Xanthophylls: Pale Yellow

Question 21

Anthocyanin, Betacyanin

Answer 21

anthocyanin = red
betacyanin = red

Question 22

Why the change in color?

Answer 22

as the chlorophylls dissapear the other pigments become prominnat

Question 23

Abscission Zone

Answer 23

when the leaf drops

The function is suppressed in the summer
it is triggered by day length

Question 24

What are the layers in the abscission zone?

Answer 24

• Protective layer
• Separation layer

Question 25

Sun vs Shade leaves

Answer 25

- Sunny leaves are thicker

Question 26

Examples of leaves from shaded areas.

Answer 26

- Old man cactus - Stonecrop - Compass plant

Question 27

Submerged aquatic plants

Question 28

Tendrils

Answer 28

- yellow vetch - rachis of a compound leaf

Question 29

Spines

Answer 29

- stipules of the leaf makes the spine - barberry - black locust

Question 30

storage leaves

Answer 30

Succulents Stonecrop Ice plant - store water or food.

Question 31

Reproductive leaves

Answer 31

buds on leaves that drop to the ground and start a new plant example: Kalenchoe (air plany)

Question 32

Bract

Answer 32

looks like a petal but it's a leaf on Pointsetta

Question 33

predatory plants

Answer 33

grow in acidic areas that are hard to get nitrogen examples: pitcher plants - secretes nectar by the rim and insects fall in. Sundews - have glandular hairs that catch insects Venus Flytrap - only grows in bogs by the Carolinas. has sensory cells Bladderworts - form a chamber with a vacuum that sucks in insects Butterwort - looks like melted butter on leaves. insects get stuck on

Question 34

begonia leaf (blue)

Answer 34

looks blue absorbs more green and red and less blue structures slow down the light

Question 35

What are human uses for leaves?

Answer 35

- Banana leaves for plates or protection - food - spices - dyes - henna - fibers - hemp, agave, palm trees - oils - tea tree oil, lavender

Question 36

Drugs from plants

Answer 36

* belladonna -- atropine and scopolamine * Foxglove -- digitalis * Tabacco * Marijuana * Caffeine * Insecticides -- bay leaves and neem tree