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Rad Lecture > Ch. 17 Study Guide > Flashcards

Ch. 17 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the entire alimentary canal? Each section?

A

Approximately 30 feet.

  • Esophagus: 10 inches
  • Small Intestine: 22 feet
  • Large Intestine: 5 feet
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2
Q

The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the…

A

Cardiac antrum

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3
Q

The wall of the stomach, small intestine, colon, and the esophagus have how many layers?

A

4 layers

  • Fibrous (outer)
  • Muscular
  • Submucosal
  • Mucosal (inner)
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4
Q

The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the:

A

Pyloric Sphincter

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5
Q

Body habitus and stomach location:

A
  • Hypersthenic: Almost horizontal. High.
  • Asthenic: Vertical and low.
  • Sthenic and hyposthenic: 85% of population.
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6
Q

Function of stomach:

A

Storage for food. Churning and peristalsis breaks down food.

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7
Q

Function of the small intestine:

A

Digestion and absorption of food.

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8
Q

Function of the large intestine:

A

Reabsorption of fluids and elimination of waste products.

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9
Q

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?

A

3 - Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum

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10
Q

The widest portion of the small bowel is the…

A

Duodenum

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11
Q

The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the:

A

Mesentary

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12
Q

The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:

A

Posteromedial side of the cecum

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13
Q

The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:

A

Ileocecal valve

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14
Q

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called:

A

Peristalsis

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15
Q

How long does it take barium to go through the alimentary canal and reach the rectum?

A

2-3 hours

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16
Q

Contrast mediums used for exams of the GI tract:

A
  • Barium sulfate (most common)

- Water soluble iodinated contrast (Moves quicker than Barium)

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17
Q

One of the most important technical considerations in GI radiography is:

A

Exposure time. (Minimize movement/peristalsis)

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18
Q

The patient prep for a morning stomach exam is:

A

Food and water withheld for 8-9 hours before the exam (stomach to be empty)

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19
Q

What are the advantages of using the double contrast technique for examinations of the stomach?

A
  • Shows small lesions better

- Shows mucousal lining better

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20
Q

Which drug may be given to the patient before a double contrast exam of the stomach to relax the GI tract?

A

Glucagon or other anticholinergic medications

21
Q

How much lower should the IR be positioned when the upright position is used for projections of the stomach?

A

3-6 inches lower

22
Q

Patient rotation for RAO projection of stomach?

A

40-70 degrees

23
Q

Patient rotation for LPO projection of the stomach?

A

30-60 degrees

24
Q

What projection or position will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?

A

PA oblique RAO

25
Q

For which projection of the stomach would a positioning sponge be used?

A

PA oblique projection - Wolf method

26
Q

At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum?

A

2” above lower margin of the ribs

27
Q

What projection will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?

A

AP oblique LPO

28
Q

Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?

A

Lateral

29
Q

Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?

A

AP projection, partial or full Trendelenburg

30
Q

Which positions will best demonstrate the retrogastric portion of the duodenum and jejunum on an AP projection of the stomach?

A

AP projection

31
Q

The first small intestine radiograph is taken how many minutes after the patient drinks Barium?

A

15 minutes

32
Q

Where is the IR centered for radiographs of the small intestine that are taken within 30 minutes of drinking the Barium?

A

At the level of L2 (2” above the iliac crests)

33
Q

Where is the IR centered for delayed radiographs of the small intestine?

A

At the level of the iliac crests

34
Q

“High-density” Barium is used primarily for:

A
  • Greater absorption of radiation

- Useful for double contrast exams

35
Q

Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a Barium enema?

A

Sims’ position

36
Q

How far above the anus s the enema bag placed during a Barium enema?

A

No higher than 24”

37
Q

What radiographs are taken during a single contrast barium enema?

A

PA/AP, PA obliques, axial (for sigmoid), and lateral (for rectum)

38
Q

Methods of performing a double contrast Barium enema include:

A
  • Closed system. Does not require removal and reinsertion of enema tip.
  • Welin method. Can be used for early detection of small lesions
39
Q

Where is the IR centered on AP, PA or radiographs during a Barium enema on each body habitus?

A
  • Sthenic: At level of iliac crests
  • Hyperstenic: Higher
  • Asthenic: Lower
40
Q

Which projections are taken during a Barium enema that will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?

A
  • PA axial (30-40 degrees CAUDAL)

- AP axial (30-40 degrees CEPHALIC)

41
Q

At what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral position of the rectosigmoid area?

A

ASIS on midcoronal plane

42
Q

The general term used to describe the surgical procedure of forming an artificial opening to the intestine for the passage of fecal material is:

A

Enterostomy

43
Q

Which projection is used for radiographs made during defocagraphy?

A

Lateral

44
Q

the esophagus joins the stomach through an opening called the:

A

Cardiac orifice

45
Q

The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of finger-like projections called:

A

Villi

46
Q

The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct usually unit to form the:

A

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla

47
Q

The large intestine is made up of a series of pouches called the:

A

Haustra

48
Q

The pouch-like portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and the colon is the:

A

Cecum

Rad Lecture (6 decks)

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