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Rad Lecture > Ch. 17 Lecture Notes > Flashcards

Ch. 17 Lecture Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Components of the alimentary canal:

A
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Terminates at anus
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2
Q

Function of esophagus:

A

Convey food and saliva from laryngopharynx to stomach

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3
Q

Esophagus originates at:

A

C6

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4
Q

The esophagus joins the stomach at the esophagogastric juntion at:

A

T11

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5
Q

The expanded terminal end of the esophagus is:

A

the cardiac antrum

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6
Q

What are the four parts of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Pyloric portion
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7
Q

What portion of the stomach surrounds the esophageal opening?

A

The cardia

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8
Q

What part of the stomach is superior and fills the left hemidiaphragm?

A

The fundus

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9
Q

The interior of the stomach contains numerous longitudinal folds called:

A

Rugae

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10
Q

The last portion of the stomach is the _____. It consists of________ and ______.

A

Pyloric portion.

consists of the pyloric antrum and narrowed pyloric canal.

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11
Q

This portion of the stomach is a sharp angle at the esophagogastric junction.

A

Cardiac notch

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12
Q

The ______ is the opening between the esophagus and the stomach and the ______ controls the opening.

A

Cardiac orifice.

Cardiac sphincter.

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13
Q

The _______ is the opening between the stomach and the small intestine and ______ controls the opening.

A

Pyloric orifice.

Pyloric sphincter

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14
Q

The average emptying time for the stomach is:

A

2-3 hours

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15
Q

Where is peristalsis the greatest?

A

In the stomach and duodenum.

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16
Q

Exposure time for normal peristaltic activity in stomach is:

A

0.2 seconds

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17
Q

For esophagus projections, the CR usually enters:

A

At level of T5-T6

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18
Q

The PA stomach projection best demonstrates:

A

Stomach contour and duodenal bulb

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19
Q

PA oblique stomach (RAO) best demonstrates:

A

The pyloric canal and the duodenum

Duodenal bulb and loop in profile

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20
Q

PA axial stomach best demonstrates:

A

Greater and lesser curvatures in hypersthenic patients

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21
Q

AP oblique stomach (LPO) best demonstrates:

A

Fundus of the stomach

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22
Q

The recumbent right lateral stomach demonstrates:

A

Right retrogastric space, duodenal loop, and duodenojejunal junction

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23
Q

AP stomach with Trendelenburg best demonstrates:

A

Hiatal hernia (where part of the stomach sticks up in the chest through the diaphragm)

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24
Q

The small intestine extends from:

A

The pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

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25
What are the 3 portions of the small intestine?
- Duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum
26
What is the largest part of the small intestine?
Duodenum
27
The duodenum and jejunum are both attached to the posterior abdominal wall by:
Mesentary
28
What ways is Barium administered into the small intestine?
- Orally - Reflux filling via large-volume barium enema - Direct injection via a tube placed into the small bowel (termed enteroclysis)
29
Patient prep for small intestine exam:
- Soft or low residue diet for 2 days prior - Food and fluid withheld after the evening meal day before exam - cleansing enema for colon may be administered
30
When is the first image of small intestine usually taken after ingestion of Barium?
15 minutes
31
The four main parts of the large intestine are:
- Cecum - Colon - Rectum - Anal canal
32
The series of pouches along the large intestine are called:
Haustra
33
What is the opening between the small intestine and the colon called?
The ileocecal valve
34
The pouch-like portion below the junction of the ileum and colon in the large intestine is:
The cecum
35
What are the portions of the colon?
- Ascending colon - Transverse colon - Descending colon - Sigmoid colon
36
The vermiform appendix is attached to:
The cecum
37
What is the sharp angle at the ascending and transverse colon?
The right colic flexure
38
What is the sharp angle at the junction of the transverse and the descending colon?
The left colic flexure
39
What forms an s-shaped loop and ends at the rectum?
The sigmoid colon
40
The rectum extends from:
The sigmoid colon to the anal canal and terminates at anus
41
Patient prep for large intestine:
- Restricted diet - Laxatives - Bowel cleansing enema
42
Enema bags have a capacity of:
3 quarts
43
The temperature of the Barium suspension should be:
Below body temperature | Around 85-90 degrees
44
The enema tip should be inserted:
1-1.5" anteriorly, then slightly superior. | total distance should never be more than 4"
45
The AP and PA projection of large intestine best demonstrates:
The entire colon
46
PA axial large intestine best demonstrates:
Rectosigmoid area
47
RAO large intestine best demonstrates:
Right colic flexure, ascending colon, and sigmoid
48
LAO large intestine best demonstrates:
Left colic flexure and descending colon
49
AP axial large intestine best demonstrates:
Rectosigmoid area
50
Lateral large intestine best demonstrates:
Rectosigmoid
51
LPO large intestine best demonstrates:
Right colic flexure, ascending colon, and sigmoid colon
52
RPO large intestine best demonstrates:
Left colic flexure and descending colon
53
On right or left lateral decubitus projections the side____ is of interest.
Up - the air side.
54
Right lateral decubitus position demonstrates:
- The medial side of the ascending colon | - The lateral side of the descending colon
55
Left lateral decubitus position demonstrates:
- The lateral side of the ascending colon | - The medial side of the descending colon
56
What is the largest gland in the body?
Liver
57
What quadrant is the liver located in?
Upper right quadrant
58
How many lobes does the liver have?
2 lobes | -Right lobe is larger and contains 2 minor lobes
59
What two vessels supply blood to the liver?
The portal vein and the hepatic artery
60
What is the area on the right lobe where vessels enter and leave?
The hilum
61
What is the function of the liver?
The formation of bile
62
How much bile does the liver secrete per day?
1-3 pints
63
Bile secretion:
- Emulsifies fats | - Carried to the gallbladder or to the duodenum
64
Bile excretion:
- Consists of bile ducts and gallbladder - two main hepatic ducts in liver (right and left) - Right and left hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct - The common hepatic duct unites with cystic duct to form common bile duct
65
The common bile duct joins with the pancreatic duct to form the:
Hepatopancreatic ampulla (AKA Ampulla of Vater)
66
The ampulla of Vater is controlled by:
The sphincter of Oddi
67
What is the function of the gallbladder?
To store and concentrate bile
68
What hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile?
Colecystokinin
69
What are the functions of the pancreas?
- Exocrine: Cells produce and secrete digestive juice | - Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans (cells that produce insulin and glucagon)
70
What system is the spleen part of?
The lymphatic system
71
What is the function of the spleen?
- To produce lymphocytes | - Store and remove dead RBCs

Rad Lecture (6 decks)

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