Ch 18

Question 1

What are the two purposes of the sesamoid bones?

Answer 1

1. to increase the mechanical efficiency of the tendon

2. to decrease functional frictional stress as the tendon passes over the boney prominence

Question 2

Where is the navicular bone located?

Answer 2

anterior to the talus medial aspect on the foot

Question 3

where is the cuboid located?

Answer 3

lateral aspect of the foot

Question 4

what is the main supporting ligament of the longitude arch?

Answer 4

calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 5

what is the purpose of the interphalangeal joint?

Answer 5

flexion and extension

Question 6

what is the purpose of the metarsophalangeal joint?

Answer 6

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

Question 7

what is the tarsometatarsal joint formed by?

Answer 7

metatarsal bones with the cuboid and all three cuneiforms

Question 8

1. what articulates the subtalar joint?

2. What motions does it allow?

Answer 8

1. talus and calcaneous

2. inversion, eversion, pronation, supernation

Question 9

what is the spring ligament called and what does it pass through?

Answer 9

planar calcaneonavicular ligament

passes through the medial longitudinal arch

Question 10

what are the five periods of the stand phase?

Answer 10

initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, pre swing

Question 11

during the stance phase with initial contact and pre swing (toe off)what are the motions of the tibia in foot?

Answer 11

external rotation of the tibia and supanation

Question 12

during the stance phase from loading response –>mid stance–>terminal stance what are the motions of the tibia in foot?

Answer 12

internal rotation of the tibia and pronation

Question 13

what injuries are typically associated with excessive supanation

Answer 13

inversion ankle sprain, tibial stress syndrome, paroneal tendinitis, IT band friction syndrome, trochanteric bursitis

Question 14

where is the posterior artery normally palpated

Answer 14

1 inch behind the medial malleolus

Question 15

what is morton test?

What does a positive test indicate?

Answer 15

transverse pressure is applied to the head of the metatarsals, causing sharp pain in the forefoot.
positive test results in neuroma metartarsalgia

Question 16

how long after a talus fracture can a patient return to play?

Answer 16

6-8months

Question 17

what is severs disease?

Answer 17

calcaneal apophysitis occurs in young physically active patients ( is a traction injury at the apophysis of the calcaneous (bone protrusion) where the achilles attached.

Question 18

what is the cause of a cuboid subluxation

Answer 18

pronation and trauma

Question 19

what can be a suggesstive treatment for a jones fracture?

Answer 19

electrical or ultrasonic bone growth stimulator will promote healing

Question 20

what do metatarsal stress fractures involve?

Answer 20

stress fracture to second metatarsal (march fracture)

Question 21

what is sesmoidittis caused by?

Answer 21

repetitive hyper extension of the great toe which results in inflammation, most commonly seen in dancing and basketball.

Question 22

where is metatarsalgia commonly seen?

Answer 22

under the second and sometimes third metatarsal head.

Question 23

where is mortons neuroma located?

Answer 23

between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads

Question 24

what is the predisposing factor for mortons neuroma?

Answer 24

pronation

Question 25

what does turf toe usually result in?

Answer 25

hyperextension resulting in a sprain of the metatarsophalangeal

Question 26

what is hammer toe caused by?

Answer 26

flexion at the proximal interphylangeal (PIP joint)

Question 27

what is mallets toe caused by?

Answer 27

flexion at the distal interphylangeal (PIP joint) involving the flexor digitorum longus tendon

Question 28

what is claw toe caused by?

Answer 28

flexion at the PIP joint and hyperextension at the metatarsalphylangeal (MP joint)

Question 29

after how many hours can you release a subungual hematoma?

Answer 29

12-24 hours