Ch 21

Question 1

what is the longest and strongest bone in the body?

Answer 1

femur

Question 2

what is a grade 1 quad contusion consist of?

Answer 2

a superficial intramuscular bruise that produces mild hemorrhage, little pain, no swelling and mild point tenderness
there’s no restriction of range of motion

Question 3

what is a grade 2 quad contusion consist of?

Answer 3

deeper then grade 1 and produces mild pain mild swelling point tenderness with the patient unable to flex more than 90 degrees

Question 4

what is a grade 3 quad contusion consist of?

Answer 4

moderate pain, swelling, range of motion flexion that is 90-45degrees with obvious limp

Question 5

what is the management for a quad contusion?

Answer 5

the knee should be placed in flexion with ice pack to prevent shortening and NSAID can be given

Question 6

how long after bone calcification can be seen in x-ray?

Answer 6

2-6 weeks

Question 7

with femoral fractures how is the hip placed?

Answer 7

ER, slightly abducted,

Question 8

what is a false pelvis?

Answer 8

it is composed of the wings of the illium

Question 9

what is a true pelvis?

Answer 9

composed of the coccyx, ischium and pubis

Question 10

what are the innominate bones?

Answer 10

three bones that osify and fuse early in life;include illium, pubis, and inschium

Question 11

what is the strongest ligament in the body and what does it prevent?

Answer 11

illiofemoral ligament, hyperextension, ER, abduction prevents the pelvis during backward rolling

Question 12

what is a pubofemoral ligament prevent?

Answer 12

abduction of the thigh

Question 13

what is the ishiofemoral ligament prevent?

Answer 13

excessive internal rotation and adduction

Question 14

true or false: posterior tilt of the pelvis can cause a decrease in lumbar lordosis?

Answer 14

true

Question 15

at what plane does the pelvic rotate?

Answer 15

transverse

Question 16

what is the Kendalls test?

Answer 16

patient lies supine on the table with one knee flexed on the chest an the back completely flat, the other knee is flexed over the tables end
-tight hip flexors are revealed by inability of the thigh to lie flat on the table, if only the rectus femoris is tight the thigh will touch the table the knee will be extended

Question 17

what is the patricks test and the FABER’s test for?

Answer 17

to test pathological conditions of the hip and sacral illiac joint

Question 18

what tests are used to detect TFL and IT band tightness?

Answer 18

nobel’s test and Ober’s test and rennes test

Question 19

what population is trochanteric bursitis commonly seen in?

Answer 19

female runners who have increased Q angle or leg length discrepancy

Question 20

how are hip joint sprains best revealed?

Answer 20

patient inability to circumduct the thigh

Question 21

what is the common displacement of a dislocated hip?

what nerve is involved?

Answer 21

posterior to the acetabulum with the femoral shaft abducts and flexes, interior rotated thigh
-scyatic nerve

Question 22

with piriformis syndrome what does the patient complain about?

Answer 22

deep pain in buttocks without low back pain and possibly radiating pain in the low back of the thigh, calf, and foot

Question 23

what is legg-calve-perthes disease and what population is it seen in?

Answer 23

a disease is avascular necrosis of the femoral head , it occurs in children from 4-10 (boys)

Question 24

what is slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

Answer 24

found mostly in boys between the age of 10-17 who are tall and thin or obese, x-ray shows femoral head slippage posterior and inferior

Question 25

what are the limitations of legg-calve-perthes disease and slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

Answer 25

abduction, flexion, medial rotation with a limp

Question 26

true or flase: with snapping hip extraarticular causes commonly occur when the hip is externally rotated and flexed?

Answer 26

true

Question 27

true or false: running downhill decreases lumbar lordosis and running uphill increases it?

Answer 27

false, it is the opposite

Question 28

with athletic publagia what motion increases pain?

Answer 28

hip flexion, IR, and abdominal muscle contraction

Question 29

what is the treatment for athletic publagia?

Answer 29

after 1 week stretch the hip flexors, adductors, hamstrings, and lower back muscles at 2 weeks strengthen abs, hip adductors and flexors 3-4 weeks running can begin, followed by tolerating jumping and kicking

Question 30

in what sports are pelvic floor dysfunction seen in?

Answer 30

gymnastics, track and field, and jumping sports

Question 31

where are stress fractures of the pelvic seen?

Answer 31

inferior pubic ramus and femoral neck

Question 32

what are the 3 most common sites for a avulsion fractures and apophysitis in the pelvic region?

Answer 32

ischial tuberosity and the hamstring attachment, AIIS and the rectus femorus and the attachment, the ASIS where the sartorius attaches

Question 33

what are the key muscles in the core to strengthen?

Answer 33

psoas, glute med, glute max, and hamstring