Ch 19 Bacteria And Viruses Notes

Question 0

Archaebacteria

Answer 0

Ancient; found in harsh environments, produces methane gas. Oxygen free environment. Concentrated salt water. Hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs

Question 1

Bacteria kingdoms

Answer 1

Prokaryotes

Question 2

Eubacteria

Answer 2

True; greatest diverse in metabolism

Question 3

Heterotrophs

Answer 3

Chemoheterotrophs, photoheterotrophs

Question 4

Chemo heterotrophs

Answer 4

Parasites, saprobes-decomposers

Question 5

Autotrophs

Answer 5

Photosynthetic, chemosynthetic

Question 6

Photosynthetic

Answer 6

Cyanobacteria-blue green bacteria

Question 7

Chemosynthetic

Answer 7

Energy from inorganic substances- sulfur, nitrogen

Question 8

Releasing energy

Answer 8

Obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes

Question 9

Obligate aerobes

Answer 9

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 10

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 10

Clostridium botulinum

Question 11

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 11

E. Coli

Question 12

Growth and reproduction, survival

Answer 12

Binary fission, conjugation, transformation, transduction, spore formation, capsule

Question 13

Binary fission

Answer 13

Asexual reproduction

Question 14

Conjugation

Answer 14

Sexual reproduction (DNA is exchanged for DNA variations)

Question 15

Transformation

Answer 15

Sexual reproduction, living bacteria absorbs DNA from dead

Question 16

Transduction

Answer 16

Sexual reproduction, viruses carry DNA fr bacteria to bacteria

Question 17

Spore formation

Answer 17

Endospore- resistance testing stage, protects bacteria

Question 18

Capsule

Answer 18

Protects from white blood cells

Question 19

Importance of bacteria

Answer 19

Decomposers, nitrogen fixing

Question 20

Nitrogen fixing

Answer 20

Nitrogen fixation- process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia. Ex. Legumes

Question 21

Human uses bacteria in

Answer 21

Food digest petroleum

Question 22

Bacilli

Answer 22

Rod shaped

Question 23

Cocci

Answer 23

Sphere shaped

Question 24

Spirochetes

Answer 24

Corkscrew

Question 25

Amorphous

Answer 25

Without shape

Question 26

Viruses

Answer 26

Not living

Question 27

Virus's characteristics

Answer 27

Do not carry out respiration, do not grow or move, do not reproduce-only in host cell, contain only one kind of nucleic acid, may be crystallized

Question 28

Inner core of virus

Answer 28

Either DNA or RNA

Question 29

Protective outer coat of protein virus

Answer 29

Capsid, determines receptor site

Question 30

Reproductive cycles

Answer 30

Lyric cycle and lysogenic cycle

Question 31

Lytic cycle

Answer 31

Attaches to receptor site, nucleic and injects into cell, replication, assembly, lysis and release

Question 32

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 32

Injects nucleic acid, provirus forms Prophage, provirus is reproduced, cell enters lytic cycle

Question 33

When call enters lyric cycle

Answer 33

Provirus leaves chromosomes, lytic cycle, cell lyses

Question 34

Provirus examples

Answer 34

Cold sores-herpes Hepatitis B Chicken pox-shingles

Question 35

Retrovirus

Answer 35

Only RNA

Question 36

Retrovirus reverse transcription

Answer 36

An enzyme that speeds up the copies or Viral RNA into DNA

Question 37

RNA lytic virus

Answer 37

Follows lytic cycle, makes copies of RNA by base pairing