Ch. 2

Question 1

Monomer

Answer 1

Single subunit

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

Many subunits

Question 3

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 3

Formation of large molecules by the removal of water

Question 4

Hydrolysis

Answer 4

Breakdown of large molecules by the addition of water

Question 5

Carbohydrates: subunits

Answer 5

Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

Question 6

Carbohydrate: function

Answer 6

Sugar transport, energy storage, structural support

Question 7

Carbohydrate: bond type

Answer 7

Covalent bonds

Question 8

Nucleic Acids: types

Answer 8

DNA
RNA
ATP

Question 9

Nucleic Acids: function

Answer 9

specialized for the storage, transmission and use of genetic information

Question 10

Nucleic Acids: subunit

Answer 10

nucleotide

Question 11

Nucleic Acid: structure

Answer 11

nitrogenous base
phosphate group
sugar molecule

Question 12

Nitrogenous Bases

Answer 12

Purines: adenine, Guanine
pyrimidines: Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil

Question 13

DNA uses what sugar?

Answer 13

Deoxyribose

Question 14

RNA uses what suagr?

Answer 14

Ribose

Question 15

Polymerization

Answer 15

when monomers chemically combine to create larger molecules or polymers

Question 16

Nucleic Acids: type of bonds

Answer 16

phosphodiester bond between phosphate group and sugar molecule of different monomers
hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases of different monomers

Question 17

DNA: function

Answer 17

holding of genetic information in nucleotide sequence

Question 18

RNA: function

Answer 18

direct synthesis of proteins

Question 19

nitrogenous base bonds

Answer 19

Adenine with Thymine
DNA: Guanine with Cytosine
RNA Guanine with Uracil

Question 20

ATP: function

Answer 20

primary energy currency of the cell

Question 21

Protein: Functions

Answer 21

enzyme catalysts
defense
transport
support
motion
regulation
storage

Question 22

Protein: subunits

Answer 22

amino acids
peptide
polypeptide

Question 23

Protein: structures

Answer 23

primary structure: amino acids
secondary: alpha helixes and beta sheets
tertiary: polypeptide chains
quaternary: two or more smaller protein chains

Question 24

Amino Acid: Structure

Answer 24

carbon atom surrounded by
amino group
carboxyl group
single hydrogen
variable R group

Question 25

The ____ of a protein determines its ______

Answer 25

shape, function

Question 26

Denaturation

Answer 26

change in the shape of a protein, usually causing loss of function, caused by changes in: pH, temperature, salt concentration

Question 27

Lipids: types

Answer 27

triglycerides phospholipids

Question 28

triglycerides

Answer 28

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 29

phospholipids can be

Answer 29

saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated

Question 30

saturated

Answer 30

maximum number of hydrogen bonds

Question 31

unsaturated

Answer 31

some hydrogens have double bonds not maximum number of bonds

Question 32

Lipids: Function

Answer 32

phospholipids: cell membranes triglycerides: energy storage, twice as much as carbohydrates

Question 33

phospholipids structure

Answer 33

polar heads hydrophilic nonpolar tails hydrophobic