Ch. 5

Question 1

cellular membrane is

Answer 1

selectively permeable

Question 2

cellular membrane has _____ embedded that act like _______ allowing cells to ________ with each other

Answer 2

proteins
signals
communicate

Question 3

proteins on the surface act as ________ that ______ a cell to other cells

Answer 3

markers
identify

Question 4

what controls membrane fluidity?

Answer 4

degree of saturation
temperature
cholesterol

Question 5

tight junctions

Answer 5

restrict migration of substances from one region to another
prevent substances from moving through the intercellular space

Question 6

adhesive junctions

Answer 6

hold cells together using cadherins, intermediate filaments, actin filaments, etc.

Question 7

communication junctions

Answer 7

facilitate communication between cells

Question 8

communication junctions: type

Answer 8

gap junctions in animal cells
plasmodesmata in plants

Question 9

passive transport: types

Answer 9

diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

Question 10

active transport

Answer 10

requires ATP
moves substances from low to high
uses carrier proteins

Question 11

sodium potassium pump

Answer 11

Na+ - K+
uses antiporter to move 3 Na+ out and 2 k+ into

Question 12

bulk transport: types

Answer 12

endocytosis
exocytosis

Question 13

endocytosis

Answer 13

transports macromolecules inside cell by engulfing

Question 14

exocytosis

Answer 14

materials in vesicles are secreted from the cell

Question 15

endocytosis: types

Answer 15

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 16

ligand

Answer 16

signaling molecule

Question 17

receptor

Answer 17

molecule to which ligand binds to

Question 18

five basic mechanism for cellular communication

Answer 18

direct contact
paracrine signaling
endocrine signaling
synaptic signaling
autocrine signaling

Question 19

paracrine signaling

Answer 19

communication through the release of chemical messengers, short distance

Question 20

synaptic signaling

Answer 20

nerve cells transmit signals

Question 21

autocrine signaling

Answer 21

cell signals to itself, releasing a ligand that binds to receptors on its own surface

Question 22

endocrine signaling

Answer 22

signals are produced and released into the bloodstream, which carries them to cells in distant parts of the body

Question 23

direct contact

Answer 23

Gap junctions in animals and plasmodesmata in plants are tiny channels that directly connect neighboring cells

Question 24

phosphorylation

Answer 24

addition of phosphate group, a way to change the activity of a protein

Question 25

protein kinase

Answer 25

enzyme adds phosphate to a protein

Question 26

phosphatase

Answer 26

enzyme removes a phosphate from a protein

Question 27

intracellular receptor

Answer 27

receptor inside the cell

Question 28

cell surface receptor

Answer 28

located on plasma membrane for ligand to bind outside cell

Question 29

cell surface receptors: function

Answer 29

extracellular signals converted to intracellular

Question 30

cell surface receptors: types

Answer 30

chemically-gated ion channels enzyme receptors g-protein receptors

Question 31

RTK

Answer 31

autophosphorylate more than one protein can bind to activated RTK

Question 32

MAP kinase cascade: functions

Answer 32

amplify signals differentiation development apoptosis