Ch. 6

Question 1

____ transforms matter into energy

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

usually metal ions found in the active site participating in catalysts

Answer 2

cofactors

Question 3

nonprotein organic molecules, often used as an electron donor or acceptor in a redox reaction

Answer 3

coenzymes

Question 4

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 4

catalyst

Question 5

release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

Answer 5

catabolic pathways

Question 6

consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

Answer 6

anabolic pathways

Question 7

biochemical pathways are often regulated by

Answer 7

feedback inhibition

Question 8

loss of electrons

Answer 8

oxidation

Question 9

gain of electrons

Answer 9

reduction

Question 10

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 10

energy cannot be created nor destroyed
energy can only be converted from one form to another

Question 11

disorder in the universe

Answer 11

entrophy

Question 12

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 12

disorder is more likely than order
entropy is always increasing

Question 13

energy able to do work

Answer 13

free energy

Question 14

energy contained in a molecule’s chemical bonds

Answer 14

enthalpy

Question 15

when products contain more free energy than reactants

Answer 15

delta G is positive

Question 16

when reactants contain more free energy than products

Answer 16

delta G is negative

Question 17

extra energy needed to get a reaction started

Answer 17

activation energy

Question 18

substances that lower the activation energy of a reaction

Answer 18

catalysts

Question 19

absorption of energy, products > than free energy

Answer 19

endergonic

Question 20

release of energy

Answer 20

exergonic

Question 21

energy currency of cells

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

ATP structure

Answer 22

ribose(5-carbon sugar), adenine, three phosphates

Question 23

ATP stores energy in the

Answer 23

bonds between phosphates

Question 24

phosphates repelling each other means

Answer 24

a lot of energy is required to keep them together

Question 25

molecules that catalyza reactions in living cells

Answer 25

biological catalysts

Question 26

molecule that will undergo a reaction

Answer 26

substrates

Question 27

region of the enzyme that binds to the substrate

Answer 27

active site

Question 28

multienzyme complexes advantages

Answer 28

production of the reaction can be directly delivered to the next enzyme unwanted side reactions eliminated all reactions controlled as a unit

Question 29

RNA molecules with enzymatic abilities

Answer 29

ribozymes

Question 30

conditions that affect the enzymes' 3-dimensional shape

Answer 30

optimum temperature & optimum pH

Question 31

molecules that bind to enzyme to decrease enzyme activity

Answer 31

inhibitors

Question 32

complete with a substrate for binding to the same active site

Answer 32

competitive inhibitors

Question 33

bind to sites other than the active site causing shape change and makes enzyme unable to bind to substrate

Answer 33

noncompetitive inhibitors

Question 34

exist in either an active or inactive state

Answer 34

allosteric enzyme

Question 35

bind to allosteric site to inactive the enzyme

Answer 35

allosteric inhibitors

Question 36

bind to the allosteric site to activate the enzyme

Answer 36

allosteric activators