ch. 2

Question 1

?: any cell surface factor that promotes the attachment of an organism to a substrate

Answer 1

adhesion

Question 2

?: is the ability of a microorganism to affix itself to a host surface or environmental habitat, where it will ?

Answer 2

colonization, replicate

Question 3

?: is the ability of a pathogen to cause disease on/in its host cell

Answer 3

pathogenicity

Question 4

pathogenicity is dependant on ?, ?, and ? of hosts immune response

Answer 4

location, genetic makeup (genotype), effectiveness

Question 5

parasites are any microbe that ? and harms its host; commonly referring to ?

Answer 5

colonizes, protozoa

Question 6

an ? is the growth of a pathogen or parasite in/on a host

Answer 6

infection

Question 7

a disease is a ? of the normal ? or structure of a body part, system, or organ that is recognized by a set of ?

Answer 7

disruption, function, symptoms

Question 8

? infections are diseases where ? develop ? and resolve quickly within a few days/weeks (common cold)

Answer 8

acute, symptoms, rapidly

Question 9

? infections are diseases where symptoms develop ? and are slow to resolve

Answer 9

chronic, gradually

Question 10

? pathogens: ? that can cause disease in ? people w/ ? functioning immune systems; they do not require “special conditions” like injury, surgery, weakened immune system, or malnutrition, to make someone sick

Answer 10

primary, microorganisms, healthy, normal

Question 11

? pathogens: microbe that causes infection or ? in an ? host

Answer 11

opportunistic, disease, immunocompromised

Question 12

a ? state is when a microorganism is present but ?

Answer 12

latent, dormant

Question 13

? measures the severity/degree of a disease

Answer 13

virulence

Question 14

LD50 stands for ? ? ?; it refers to the amount of a substance (finish it)

Answer 14

lethal dose 50%, required to kill 50% of the test population

Question 15

a lower LD50 means …

a high LD50 means …

Answer 15

toxin is more dangerous bc it takes less to kill 1/2 the population

toxin is less dangerous bc it take more to kill 1/2 the population

Question 16

ID50 stands for ? ? ?; it refers to the #/amt. of bacteria/virions needed to ? 50% of the test population

Answer 16

infectious disease 50%, infect

Question 17

? is the entry of a pathogen in a body/cell where it then lives

Answer 17

invasion

Question 18

? refers to the ability of a bacterial pathogen to rapidly spread

Answer 18

invasiveness

Question 19

host range refers to all species that can be ? by a given ?

Answer 19

infected, pathogen

Question 20

infectious disease describes the diseases that can be ? from ? to host

Answer 20

transmitted, host

Question 21

a sign is something that can be

a symptom is something that can be

Answer 21

observed, felt

Question 22

? is the combo of signs and symptoms that come tg and cause a disease or condition

Answer 22

syndrome

Question 23

immunopathology is the

Answer 23

damage to tissues bc of an immune response

Question 24

sequelae refers to the long-term ? after ? or ?

Answer 24

complications, illness, injury

Question 25

stages of infectious diseases: 1. ?- time bt exposure and appearance of symptoms 2. ?- early, mild symptoms indicating the onset of illness 3. ?- severe symptoms, body actively fighting infection 4. ?- symptoms subside as treatment takes over 5. ?- body recovers and returns to normal

Answer 25

incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence

Question 26

define: morbidity incidence mortality chief complaint

Answer 26

of those infected, # of new cases, # of deaths, reason for visit

Question 27

differential is a list of

Answer 27

possible causes for disease/infection

Question 28

define: horizontal transmission vertical transmission transovarial transmission

Answer 28

pathogen goes from host to host (sneezing, coughing, laughing, touching, insects, animals) pathogen goes from parent to offspring pathogen spreads from parent to offspring thru infected egg cell

Question 29

define: direct contact indirect (vehicle) contact fomite airborne aerosals

Answer 29

thru shaking hands or intercourse thru food, water, surfaces inanimate object by which pathogens are transmitted transmission thru the air tiny droplets spread/transmitted thru the air

Question 30

? spreads diseases ? harbors diseases ? vectors move/carry a pathogen on its body to a new host thru direct contact (vector does not become infected)

Answer 30

vector, reservoir, mechanical

Question 31

zoonotic diseases are diseases transmitted from carrier means that they ? and ? pathogens but are ?

Answer 31

animal to human (sometime thru vectors) have, spread, asymptomatic

Question 32

define: endemic epidemic pandemic emerging disease

Answer 32

a disease always present in a community rapid disease outbreak w/i a region worldwide disease outbreak disease that has recently appeared

Question 33

define routes: fecal-oral respiratory urogenital parenteral

Answer 33

from stool to mouth bc of improper handwashing hygiene inhalation of airborne pathogens that enter respiratory pathway of host entry thru urinary tract or genitals pathogens injected into blood bc of contaminated needle

Question 34

biosafety lvs.: 1. lowest level; little to no ? ? 2. greater pathogenic potential but ? & ? are available 3. produce serious or ? human disease but ? available 4. highest level; extremely dangerous, no treatment/vaccines available

Answer 34

pathogenic potential, vaccines, treatment, lethal, vaccines