ch. 3 Flashcards
(35 cards)
? is to see that an object exists, even if u cannot see its details
detection
a microscope is a tool used to ? ? of specimens to enable viewing at a higher ?
increase magnification, resolution
magnification refers to an ? in the apparent ? of a viewed object
increase, size
? is the smallest distance by which 2 objects can be separated and ?
resolution, distinguished
resolution is achieved by ? an image on your ? which is packed with light-absorbing ?
focusing, retina, photoreceptors
rods are sensitive to ? light and allow for ? vision
cones are receptors for ? light and ? vision
dim, peripheral, bright, color
mm
µm
nm
pm
millimeter, micrometer, nanometer, picometer
measurements of:
prokaryotic microbes
eukaryotic microbes
threshold of resolution by the unaided eye
0.4-10 µm
1-40 µm
≈ 150 µm
light microscopy is the observation of a microscopic object based on light ? and ?
?-? microscopy: highlights differences in light passing thru sample
fluorescence microscopy: using ? dyes or proteins under ? light to focus on specific parts of ?
scanning-electron microscopy scans the ? of a sample w ? creating a 3D image of the ?
absorption, transmission
phase-contrast
glowing, UV, specimen
surface, electrons, exterior
transmission-electron microscopy: ? electrons thru thin samples to reveal detailed ? of ? structures
bright-field microscopy: the ? absorbs light and appears ? against ? background
?-? microscopy: dark background used to ? specimen
sends, images, internal
specimen, dark, light
dark-contrast, illuminate
a black box signifies
yellow box signifies
type of microscopy
size of microbes (scale bar)
bacillus is a
bacterium or archaeon w a linear shape
? is a bacterium or archaeon w a spherical shape
coccus
spirochetes is a ? w a
bacterium, tight spiral shape
x-ray crystallography determines the position of ? within a molecule, based on the ? of x-rays by a ?
atoms, diffraction, molecule
light is a form of ? propagated as ?
wavelength is the distance between
contrast is the difference bt.
absorption is the ? of a material to ? light
energy, waves
one peak of a wave and the next wave
light and dark
capacity, absorb
reflection is the ? of light or sound waves after they hit an object; when light bounces off an object; the angle at which the light hits the object (? ?) and bounces off a surface (? ?)
return, incident angle, reflection angle
refraction is the ? and ? of light as it passes thru a substance
the refractive index is the speed of light in ? divided by the speed of light in ?
bending, slowing, vacuum, medium
scattering occurs when the ? of ? light is scattered in ? direction
finish: magnification requires
fraction, incident, all, refraction
focal ? is the point at which light rays ? after passing thru a lens
focal ? is the plane that contains the ? ? for a given lens
point, intersect, plane, focal point
empty magnification occurs when there is ? w/o an increase in ?
magnification, resolution
objective lens: lens closest to ? and generates ?
numerical aperture =
immersion oil is used to improve image ? by reducing ? loss
specimen (object), magnification, NA= refractive index of medium times sine of angle, clarity, light
the compound microscope was invented by ? ? and has ? lenses to increase ?
Robert Hooke, multiple, magnification
parts of compound microscope:
condenser: ? light to improve image ?
diaphragm: controls ? of light passing thru
parfocal occurs when the microscope stays in ? when ? ?
focuses, clarity, amount, focus, switching lenses
