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MASTER CONCEPTS RELATED TO BIOENERGETICS OF EXERCISE AND TRAINING (69 cards)

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1
Q

BIOENERGETICS

A

FLOW OF ENERGY IN A BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM

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2
Q

CATABOLISM

A

BREAK DOWN OF LARGER MOLECULES TO SMALLER MOLECULES ASSOCIATED WITH THE RELEASE OF ENERGY

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3
Q

ANABOLISM

A

SYNTHESIS OF LARGER MOLECULES FROM SMALLER MOLECULES USING THE ENERGY RELEASED FROM CATABOLIC REACTIONS

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4
Q

EXERGONIC REACTIONS

A

ENERGY RELEASING REACTIONS

GENERALLY CATABOLIC

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5
Q

ENDERGONIC REACTIONS

A

REQUIRE ENERGY, INCLUDE ANABOLIC PROCESSES AND MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS

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6
Q

METABOLISM

A

TOTAL OF ALL CATABOLIC OR EXERGONIC AND ANABOLIC OR EDERGONIC REACTIONS IN A BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM

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7
Q

ATP

A

ALLOWS TRANSFER OF ENERGY FROM EXERGONIC TO ENDERGONIC REACTIONS

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8
Q

HYDROLYSIS

A

BREAKDOWN OF ONE MOLECULE OF ATP TO YIELD ENERGY. REQUIRES 1 WATER MOLECULE

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9
Q

MYOSIN ATPase

A

ENZYME THAT CATALYZES ATP HYDROLYSIS FOR CROSS BRIDGE RECYCLING

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10
Q

CALCIUM ATPase

A

HYDROLYZES ATP FOR PUMPING CALCIUM INTO THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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11
Q

SODIUM-POTASSIUM ATPase

A

HYDROLYZES ATP FOR MAINTAINING SARCOLEMMAL CONCENTRATION GRADIENT AFTER DEPOLARIZATION

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12
Q

ANAEROBIC MECHANISMS THAT OCCUR IN THE SARCOPLASM

A

PHOSPHAGEN SYSTEM AND FIRST PHASE OF GLYCOLYSIS

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13
Q

AEROBIC MECHANISMS THAT OCCUR IN THE MITOCHONDRIA AND REQUIRE OXYGEN AS THE TERMINAL ELECTRON RECEPTOR

A

KREBS CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT, OXIDATIVE SYSTEM

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14
Q

WHICH OF THE 3 MAIN MACRONUTRIENTS CAN BE METABOLIZED WITHOUT DIRECT INVOLVEMENT OF OXYGEN?

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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15
Q

MAGNITUDE OF CONTRIBUTION OF EACH ENERGY SYSTEM IS DEPENDANT ON

A

PRIMARILY THE INTENSITY OF THE ACTIVITY

SECONDARILY ON THE DURATION OF THE ACTIVITY

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16
Q

PHOSPHAGEN SYSTEM FUNCTION

A

PROVIDES ATP PRIMARILY FOR SHORT TERM, HIGH INTENSITY ACTIVITIES
ACTIVE AT START OF ALL EXERCISE, REGARDLESS OF INTENSITY

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17
Q

PHOSPHAGEN SYSTEM PROCESS

A

CREATINE KINASE CATALYZES SYTHESIS OF ATP FROM CREATINE PHOSPHATE AND ADP

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18
Q

WHICH MUSCLE FIBER TYPE, FAST TWITCH OR SLOW TWITCH CONTAINS HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS OF CP

A

FAST TWITCH

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19
Q

ADENYLATE/ MYOKINASE REACTION

A

SINGLE ENZYME REACTION THAT RAPIDLY REPLENISHES ATP AND PRODUCES AMP, A POWERFUL STIMULANT OF GLYCOLYSES

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20
Q

LAW OF MASS ACTION

A

THE CONCENTRATIONS OF REACTANTS OR PRODUCTS (OR BOTH) IN SOLUTION WILL DRIVE THE DIRECTION OF THE REACTION

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21
Q

GLYCOLYSIS

A

BREAKDOWN OF CARBOHYDRATES TO RESYNTHESIZE ATP

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22
Q

CARBOHYDRATE SOURCES FOR GLYCOLYSIS

A

GLYCOGEN STORED IN MUSCLE OR GLUCOSE DELIVERED IN THE BLOOD

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23
Q

WHICH PROVIDES A MORE RAPID ATP RESYNTHESIS RATE GLYCOLYSIS OR THE PHOSPHAGEN SYSTEM?

A

PHOSPHAGEN SYSTEM

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24
Q

WHY DOES GLYCOLYSES HAVE A GREATER CAPACITY FOR ATP SYNTHESIS?

A

BODY HAS A LARGER SUPPLY OF GLUCOSE AND GLYCOGEN THAN CP

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25
WHERE DOES GLYCOLYSIS OCCUR
SARCOPLASM
26
WHAT IS THE END PRODUCT OF GLYCOLYSIS
PYRUVATE
27
WHAT ARE THE TWO OPTIONS FOR PYRUVATE AFTER GLYCOLYSIS
1. CONVERTED TO LACTATE | 2. SHUTTLED INTO THE MITOCHONDRIA
28
ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS
PYRUVATE IS CONVERTED TO LACTATE, ATP RESYNTHESIS OCCURS AT A FASTER RATE FOR A SHORTER DURATION
29
AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS
PYRUVATE SHUTTLED INTO THE MITOCHONDRIA, BECOMES PART OF THE KREBS CYCLE. ATP RESYNTHESIS RATE IS SLOWER BUT OCCURS FOR LONGER DURATION.
30
IF ENERGY MUST BE TRANSFERRED AT A HIGH RATE, PYRUVATE IS PRIMARILY CONVERTED TO
LACTATE
31
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
EXERCISE INDUCED DECREASE IN pH RESULTING FROM ACCUMULATION OF H+
32
WET MUSCLE
MUSCLE THAT HAS NOT BEEN DESICCATED
33
WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE LACTATE ACCUMULATION
``` EXERCISE INTENSITY MUSCLE FIBER TYPE EXERCISE DURATION STATE OF TRAINING INITIAL GLYCOGEN LEVELS ```
34
WHICH MUSCLE TYPE PRODUCES THE GREATEST LEVEL OF LACTATE
TYPE II
35
HOW LONG AFTER ACTIVITY DO BLOOD LACTATE LEVELS TYPICALLY RETURN TO PREEXERCISE LEVELS
1 HOUR
36
MITOCHONDRIA
SPECIALIZED CELLULAR ORGANELLES WHERE THE REACTIONS OF AEROBIC METABOLISM OCCUR
37
2 PRIMARY MECHANISMS FOR RESYNTHESIZING ATP DURING METABOLISM
SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION | OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
38
WHAT IS OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION?
RESYNTHESIS OF ATP IN THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
39
WHAT IS SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION?
DIRECT RESYNTHESIS OF ATP FROM ADP DURING A SINGLE REACTION IN TEH METABOLIC PATHWAYS
40
ALLOSTERIC INHIBITION
OCCURS WHEN AN END PRODUCT BINDS TO THE REGULATORY ENZYME AND DECREASES ITS TURNOVER RATE AND SLOWS PRODUCT FORMATION
41
ALLOSTERIC ACTIVATION
OCCURS WHEN AN ACTIVATOR BINDS WITH THE ENZYME AND INCREASES ITS TURNOVER RATE
42
LACTATE THRESHOLD
EXERCISE INTENSITY OR RELATIVE INTENSITY AT WHICH BLOOD LACTATE BEGINS AN ABRUPT INCREASE ABOVE THE BASELINE CONCENTRATION
43
ONSET OF BLOOD LACTATE ACCUMULATION
SECOND INCREASE IN THE RATE OF LACTATE ACCUMULATION NOTED AT HIGHER INTENSITIES OF EXERCISE
44
OXIDATIVE SYSTEM
PRIMARY SOURCE OF ATP AT REST AND DURING LOW INTENSITY ACTIVITIES
45
PRIMARY SUBSTRATES FOR ATP PRODUCTION IN OXIDATIVE SYSTEM
CARBOHYDRATES AND FATS
46
KREBS CYCLE
A SERIES OF REACTIONS THAT CONTINUES THE OXIDATION BEGUN IN GLYCOLYSIS PRODUCES 2 ATP INDIRECTLY
47
BETA OXIDATION
A SERIES OF REACTIONS IN WHICH THE FREE FATTY ACIDS ARE BROKEN DOWN, RESULTING IN THE FORMATION OF ACETYL COA AND HYDROGEN PROTONS
48
GLUCONEOGENESIS
PROTEIN IS BROKEN DOWN INTO ITS CONSTITUENT AMINO ACIDS WHICH ARE THEN CONVERTED INTO GLUCOSE
49
BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACIDS
MAJOR AMINO ACIDS THAT ARE OXIDIZED IN SKELETAL MUSCLE
50
LIST THE BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACIDS
LEUCINE, ISOLEUCINE, VALINE
51
EXERCISE INTENSITY
A LEVEL OF MUSCULAR ACTIVITY THA CAN BE QUANTIFIED IN TERMS OF POWER OUTPUT
52
HIGH INTENSITY ACTIVITIES THAT REQUIRE A RAPID RATE OF ENERGY SUPPLY RELY ON WHAT ENERGY SYSTEM
PHOSPHAGEN SYSTEM
53
LOW INTENSITY, LONG DURATION ACTIVITIES RELY PRIMARILY ON WHAT ENERGY SYSTEM
OXIDATIVE SYSTEM
54
THE DEGREE TO WHICH ANAEROBIC AND OXIDATIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY PRODUCED IS DETERMINED...
PRIMARILY BY EXERCISE INTENSITY | SECONDARILY BY EXERCISE DURATION
55
ENERGY SUBSTRATE DEFINITION
MOLECULES THAT PROVIDE STARTING MATERIALS FOR BIOENERGETIC REACTIONS
56
LIST ENERGY SUBSTRATES
``` PHOSPHAGENS (ATP, CP) GLUCOSE GLYCOGEN LACTATE FREE FATTY ACIDS AMINO ACIDS ```
57
FATIGUE EXPERIENCED DURING MANY ACTIVITIES IS FREQUENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEPLETION OF...
PHOSPHAGENS AND GLYOGEN
58
PHOSPHAGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN MUSCLE ARE MORE RAPIDLY DEPLETED BY
HIGH INTENSITY ANAEROBIC EXERCISE
59
COMPLETE RESYNTHESIS OF ATP OCCURS HOW LONG AFTER EXERCISE
3-5 MINUTES
60
COMPLETE CREATINE RESYNTHESIS OCCURS HOW LONG AFTER EXERCISE
8 MINUTES
61
INCREASES IN RELATIVE EXERCISE INTENSITY OF 50%- 100% OF MAX O2 UPTAKE RESULT IN
INCREASED RATE OF GLYCOGENOLYSIS
62
BEYOND WHAT DURATION OF EXERCISE DO BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS FALL
90 MINUTES
63
POST EXERCISE MUSCLE GLYCOGEN REPLETION IS BEST ACCOMPLISHED BY INGESTING HOW MUCH CARBOHYDRATE
.7g- 3.0g PER KG OF BODYWEIGHT EVERY 2 HOURS DURING THE FIRST 4-6 HOURS.
64
OXYGEN DEFICIT
THE ANAEROBIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE TOTAL ENERGY COST OF EXERCISE
65
EXCESS POST EXERCISE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
OXYGEN UPTAKE ABOVE RESTING VALUES USED TO RESTORE THE BODY TO THE PRE EXERCISE CONDITION A.K.A OXYGEN DEBT
66
DURING MAX EFFORT EXERCISE, ANAEROBIC MECHANISMS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT DURATION OF ENERGY SUPPLY
THE FIRST 60 SECONDS
67
INTERVAL TRAINING
METHOD THAT EMPHASIZES BIOENERGETIC ADAPTATIONS FOR A MORE EFFICIENT ENERGY TRANSFER WITHIN THE METABOLIC PATHWAYS BY USING PREDETERMINED WORK AND REST PERIODS
68
AN INTERVAL PROGRAM WITH SHORT DURATION HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE REQUIRES A GREATER OR SMALLERR WORK TO REST RATIO?
GREATER
69
AN INTERVAL PROGRAM OF LONG DURATION LOW INTENSITY EXERCISE REQUIRES A GREATER OR SMALLER WORK TO REST RATIO?
SMALLER

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