CH 1

Question 1

EPIMYSIUM

Answer 1

CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS THE MUSCLE

Question 2

FASCICULI

Answer 2

BUNDLES OF MUSCLE FIBERS

Question 3

PERIMYSIUM

Answer 3

CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS FASCICULI

Question 4

ENDOMYSIUM

Answer 4

CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE FIBER

Question 5

SARCOLEMMA

Answer 5

MUSCLE FIBER MEMBRANE

Question 6

HOW MANY NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS DOES ONE MUSCLE CELL HAVE?

Answer 6

ONE

Question 7

A SINGLE MOTOR NEURON INNERVATES HOW MANY MUSCLE CELLS?

Answer 7

MANY

Question 8

SARCOPLASM

Answer 8

CYTOPLASM OF MUSCLE FIBER THAT CONTAINS CONTRACTILE COMPONENTS

Question 9

MYOFIBRILS

Answer 9

CONTAIN CONTRACTION APPARATUS OF MUSCLE CELL

Question 10

MYOSIN

Answer 10

THICK FILAMENTS

Question 11

ACTIN

Answer 11

THIN FILAMENTS

Question 12

MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGES

Answer 12

GLOBULAR HEADS THAT PROTRUDE FROM THE MYOSIN FILAMENT

Question 13

A-BAND

Answer 13

DARK BAND CORRESPONDS TO ALIGNMENT OF MYOSIN FILAMENTS

Question 14

I-BAND

Answer 14

LIGHT BAND, CORRESPONDS TO AREAS IN 2 ADJACENT SARCOMERES THAT CONTAIN ONLY ACTIN

Question 15

Z-LINE

Answer 15

THIN DARK LINE RUNNING VERTICALLY THROUGH I-BAND

Question 16

H-ZONE

Answer 16

AREA IN CENTER OF SARCOMERE WHERE ONLY MYOSIN FILAMENTS ARE PRESENT

Question 17

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Answer 17

SYSTEM OF TUBULES THAT HOUSE CALCIUM

Question 18

T TUBULES

Answer 18

CONTINUOUS WITH SARCOLEMMA AT SURFACE OF THE CELL

Question 19

SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY RESTING PHASE

Answer 19

MOST OF CALCIUM IS IN SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM, NO TENSION IN MUSLCE

Question 20

SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY

Answer 20

1. SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM STIMULATED TO RELEASE CALCIUM
2. CALCIUM BINDS WITH TROPONIN, CAUSING TROPOMYOSIN ON ACTIN TO SHIFT AND REVEAL ATTACHMENT SITES
3. MYOSIN CROSSBRIDGE HEAD ATTACHES TO ACTIN
4. MYOSIN CROSSBRIDGES FLEX, PULLING ON ACTIN, RESULTING IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Question 21

ATP

Answer 21

ENERGY SOURCE REQUIRED FOR CROSS BRIDGE FLEXION, DETACHMENT, AND RECOCKING

Question 22

WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION TO CONTINUE?

Answer 22

ADEQUATE AMMOUNTS OF CALCIUM, ATP, AND MYOSIN ATPase

Question 23

SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY

RELAXATION PHASE

Answer 23

OCCURS WHEN MOTOR NERVE STIMULATION STOPS ND CALCIUM IS PUMPED BACK INTO SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM. MYOSIN AND ACTIN FILAMENTS RETURN TO UNBOUND STATE

Question 24

EXTENT OF CONTROL OF A MUSCLE DEPENDS ON WHAT?

Answer 24

NUMBER OF MUSCLE FIBERS WITHIN EACH MOTOR UNIT

Question 25

ACETYLCHOLINE

Answer 25

NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASED AT NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION CAUSING EXCITATION OF SARCOLEMMA

Question 26

ALL OR NONE PRINCIPLE

Answer 26

ALL MUSCLE FIBERS IN THE STIMULATED MOTOR UNIT CONTRACT AND DEVELOP FORCE AT THE SAME TIME. THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A MOTOR NEURON STIMULUS THAT CAUSES ONLY SOME OF THE FIBERS TO CONTRACT.

Question 27

CAN A STRONGER ACTION POTENTIAL CAUSE A STRONGER CONTRACTION

Answer 27

NO

Question 28

TWITCH

Answer 28

SHORT PERIOD OF ACTIVATION OF MUSCLE FIBERS WITHIN MOTOR UNIT RESULTING IN BRIEF CONTRACTION

Question 29

SUMMATION

Answer 29

WHEN SECOND TWITCH IS ELICITED BY THE MOTOR NERVE BEFORE FIBERS COMPLETELY RELAX, RESULTING IN GREATER FORCE GENERATION THAN THAT PRODUCED BY SINGLE TWITCH

Question 30

TETANUS

Answer 30

RESULT OF STIMULUS BEING DELIVERED AT SO HIGH A FREQUENCY THAT THE TWITCHES MERGE, RESULTING IN MOTOR UNIT PRODUCING MAXIMAL FORCE

Question 31

FAST TWITCH FIBER

Answer 31

MOTOR UNIT THAT DEVELOPS FORCE AND RELAXES QUICKLY, SHORT TWITCH TIME

Question 32

SLOW TWITCH FIBER

Answer 32

DEVELOP FORCE AND RELAX SLOWLY, LONG TWITCH TIME

Question 33

TYPE I FIBER

Answer 33

SLOW TWITCH

Question 34

TYPE I FIBER CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 34

``` EFFICIENT FATIGUE RESISTANT HIGH CAPACITY FOR AEROBIC ENERGY SUPPLY LIMITED POTENTIAL FOR RAPID FORCE DEVELOPMENT LOW ANAEROBIC POWER ```

Question 35

TYPE II FIBER

Answer 35

FAST TWITCH

Question 36

TYPE II FIBER CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 36

``` INEFFICIENT FATIGABLE LOW AEROBIC POWER RAPID FORCE DEVELOPMENT HIGH ANAEROBIC POWER ```

Question 37

WHICH HAS GREATER RESISTANCE TO FATIGUE TYPE IIA OR TYPE IIX FIBERS

Answer 37

TYPE II A FIBERS SHOW GREATER RESISTANCE TO FATIGUE

Question 38

SKELETAL MUSCLE FORCE OUTPUT IS INCREASED BY

Answer 38

INCREASED FREQUENCY OF FIRING OF INDIVIDUAL MOTOR UNITS AND RECRUITING ADDITIONAL MOTOR UNITS

Question 39

PRELOADING

Answer 39

ACT OF LOADING MUSCLE PRIOR TO MUSCLE ACTION TO ALLOW FOR FULL ACTIVATION OF FIBERS THAT ARE ACTIVE EARLY IN THE ROM

Question 40

PROPRIOCEPTORS

Answer 40

SPECIALIZED SENSORY RECEPTORS LOCATED WITHIN JOINTS, MUSCLES AND TENDONS THAT ARE SENSITIVE TO PRESSURE AND TENSION

Question 41

MUSCLE SPINDLES

Answer 41

PROVIDE INFORMATION REGARDING MUSCLE LENGTH AND RATE OF CHANGE OF LENGTH

Question 42

FUNCTION OF MUSCLE SPINDLES

Answer 42

INDICATE THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE MUSCLE MUST BE ACTIVATED IN ORDER TO OVERCOME A GIVEN RESISTANCE. FACILITATE ACTIVATION OF THE MUSCLE

Question 43

GOLGI TENDON ORGANS

Answer 43

INHIBIT MUSCLE ACTIVATION AS MUSCLE TENSION INCREASES

Question 44

REFLEXIVE INHIBITION

Answer 44

GTO MEDIATED MUSCLE RELATION THAT OCCURS WHEN AN EXTREMELY HEAVY LOAD IS PLACED ON THE MUSCLE.

Question 45

SARCOPENIA

Answer 45

REDUCED MUSCLE SIZE AND STRENGTH TYPICALLY RESULTING FROM AGING OR INACTIVITY

Question 46

MUSCLE ATROPHY WITH AGING RESULTS FROM

Answer 46

LOSS IN NUMBER AND SIZE OF FIBERS, PARTICULARLY TYPE II