Ch 2 Chemistry

Question 1

Defined the terms matter Adam molecule and element give an example of each

Answer 1

Element cannot be broken into any other substances by chemical means example oxygen

Matter anything that occupies space and has mass example physical components of the universe composed of elements

Adam what elements are made up of consist of protons neutrons and electrons oxygen Adam is one single unit

Molecule group of atoms bonded together representing smallest unit of the compound

Question 2

Describe the structure of an atom And its relation to the properties of the element

Answer 2

Adam Belt and neutrons electrons neutrons and electrons can change for protons must do the same for the element well then change

Question 3

No the three types of chemical bonds ionic covalent hydrogen

Answer 3

Ionic when atoms gain and lose electrons but stick together example Na + + Cl- =NaCl

Covalent share electrons solid line strong is fine example H2O polar covalent unequal sharing

Hydrogen bond represented in - - – is fine between two different water molecules weakest bond

Question 4

Define oxidation

Answer 4

Any chemical reaction that involves the moving of electrons the substance giving away elections is oxidized

Question 5

Define reduction

Answer 5

Chemical reaction that involves the gaining of electrons

Question 6

Catabolism

Answer 6

Set a bio chemical reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler ones

Question 7

Anabolism

Answer 7

The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones build up

Question 8

Entergonic reaction

Answer 8

Energy into reaction

Question 9

Extergonic reaction

Answer 9

Energy out of reaction

Question 10

How are these reactions related

Answer 10

Reduction and oxidation happen together ender and exer happen together
Cat and ana don’t happen together

Question 11

What is the role of enzymes in living systems and how do they work

Answer 11

Function to allow chemical reaction to happen that would normally take to long It does this by lowering the activation energy needed and enzyme is a protein

Question 12

Define activation energy catalyst active site and substrate

Answer 12

Activation energy energy needed to get a reaction

Catalyst a substance that lowers the activation energy but is not used up itself

Active site the region the enzyme where the substrate fit for a reaction to occur

Substrate the reactant specific to the enzyme

Question 13

Define pH how is the scale arranged

Answer 13

Page potential hydrogen ion concentration 0 to 14 pH scale 0 to 6 acidic seven neutral 8 to 14 base

Question 14

What is the difference between dehydration reaction and hydrolytic reaction

Answer 14

Dehydration reaction links monomers together to form polymers

Hydrolysis reaction is the breakdown of polymers into monomers

Question 15

What are the four major classes of organic compounds

Answer 15

Carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acid

Question 16

What are the three levels of structural complexity of a carbohydrate give examples of each type

Answer 16

Monosaccharides simple sugars such as glucose

Disaccharides went to monomers Combine gang dehydration synthesis example lactose

Polysaccharides a long chain of monomers example starch

Question 17

Name three different types of lipids

Answer 17

Triglycerides simple lipid

phospholipids complex lipid and

steroids

Question 18

What are the building blocks of fat

Answer 18

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 19

What is the synthetic reaction involved in making fat molecules

Answer 19

Dehydration synthesis

Question 20

How do phospholipids differ from fat

Answer 20

They contain glycerol to fatty acids and phosphorus their essential to the formation of a lipid bilayer which maintains the cell membrane structure

Question 21

Phospholipids are structural component of what important biological feature

Answer 21

Cell membrane

Question 22

What are the basic building blocks of proteins

Answer 22

Amino acids

Question 23

What are the components of the building blocks of proteins

Answer 23

Amino acids 20 different types made of central carbon atoms linked to amino group carboxyl group hydrogen Adam

Question 24

What type of synthetic reaction is responsible for the synthesis of proteins

Answer 24

Dehydration synthesis

Question 25

There are four levels of structural complexity and proteins what are they

Answer 25

Primary sequence of amino acids

secondary localized building or twist a peptide chain

tertiary 3-D overall final folding imports activity

quaternary arrangement of several peptide chains to form a functional protein

Question 26

Defined the term denature and explain how this term relates to the loss of function in proteins

Answer 26

Change in the molecule structure of proteins usually making it non-functional

Question 27

How are the structure and function of protein related

Answer 27

Variation in structure is directly related to the diversity function

Question 28

What are the two types of nucleic acid’s in living systems

Answer 28

Deoxyribose and ribose nucleic acid

Question 29

What are the building blocks of nucleic acid

Answer 29

Nucleotide

Question 30

What are the three components of the building blocks of nucleic acid

Answer 30

Sugar phosphate and nitrogen base

Question 31

Describe the key difference between the two types of nucleic acid’s

Answer 31

Deoxy ribose without oxygen lacking one oxygen Adam found in DNA modified sugar

Ribose found in RNA normal sugar with one oxygen attached to each carbon Adam