Ch 2 - Exercise Science Flashcards
(51 cards)
Human movement system
combination of nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems
CNS
brain and spinal cord
PNS
cranial and sacral nerves connecting CNS to the rest of the body
Sensory function
ability of nervous system to sense changes in internal or external environment
Integrative function
ability of nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory info
Motor function
neuromuscular response to sensory info
Sensory (afferent) neurons
transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS
Interneurons
transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another
Motor (efferent) neurons
transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites
Somatic nervous system
responsible for voluntary control of movement
Autonomic nervous system
responsible for involuntary systems
Sympathetic nervous system
supports activity
Parasympathetic nervous system
supports rest and recovery
Mechanoreceptors
sensory receptors that sense distortion in body tissue
Muscle spindles
SRs sensitive to changes in length; prevent overstretching by telling muscles to contract
Golgi tendon organs
SRs sensitive to changes in tension; prevent excess stress by telling muscles to relax
Joint receptors
SRs sensitive to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints; signal extreme joint positions
Axial skeleton
skull, ribcage, and vertebral column
Appendicular skeleton
upper and lower extremities and shoulder and pelvic girdle
Remodeling
resorption and formation of bone
Epiphysis
end of long bones
Diaphysis
shaft of long bones
Epiphyseal plate
connects epiphysis to diaphysis; where growth occurs
Periosteum
membrane of connective tissue wrapping bones, except articulating surfaces
