CH 2 Medical Term

Question 1

Abdominal cavity

Answer 1

the space in the abdomen that contains many vital organs, including the stomach, intestines, liver, and kidneys

Question 2

Adenectomy

Answer 2

Surgical removal of a gland

Question 3

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 3

Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue

Question 4

Adenoma

Answer 4

Benign tumor that arises from, or resembles, glandular tissue

Question 5

Adenomalacia

Answer 5

Abnormal softening of a gland

Question 6

Adenosclerosis

Answer 6

Abnormal hardening of a gland

Question 7

Anaplasia

Answer 7

A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

Question 8

Anatomy

Answer 8

the study of the body’s structure

Question 9

Anomaly

Answer 9

A deviation from what is regarded as normal

Question 10

Anterior

Answer 10

toward the front of the body or the front surface of a structure

Question 11

Aplasia

Answer 11

The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

Question 12

Bloodborne transmission

Answer 12

The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood

Question 13

Caudal

Answer 13

relating to the tail or the hind part of the body

Question 14

Cephalic

Answer 14

Head

Question 15

Chromosomes

Answer 15

thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells

Question 16

Communicable disease

Answer 16

Any condition that is transmitted from one person to another by either direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects

Question 17

Congenital disorder

Answer 17

An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

Question 18

Cytoplasm

Answer 18

the fluid that fills a cell, containing organelles and other cell parts

Question 19

Distal

Answer 19

Location away from the center of the body

Question 20

Dorsal

Answer 20

relating to the back or upper side of an organism

Question 21

Dysplasia

Answer 21

Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

Question 22

Endemic

Answer 22

Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

Question 23

Endocrine glands

Answer 23

An organ that makes hormones that are released directly into the blood and travel to tissues and organs all over the body

Question 24

Epidemic

Answer 24

A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

Question 25

Epigastric region

Answer 25

the upper central region of the abdomen

Question 26

Etiology

Answer 26

The study of the causes of disease

Question 27

Exocrine glands

Answer 27

release (secrete) substances through openings (ducts) onto your body surfaces

Question 28

Functional disorder

Answer 28

A condition that produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

Question 29

Genetic disorder

Answer 29

A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

Question 30

Geriatrician

Answer 30

a medical doctor who is specially trained to meet the unique healthcare needs of older adults, both while sick in the hospital as well as in the outpatient setting

Question 31

Hemophilia

Answer 31

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

Question 32

Histology

Answer 32

the study of tissues and their structure at the cellular and molecular level

Question 33

Homeostasis

Answer 33

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Question 34

Hyperplasia

Answer 34

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells

Question 35

Hypertrophy

Answer 35

A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not in the number of cells in the tissue

Question 36

Hypogastric region

Answer 36

located in the medial lower abdomen at the pelvis or suprapubic area

Question 37

Hypoplasia

Answer 37

The incomplete development of an organ tissue

Question 38

Iatrogenic illness

Answer 38

An unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

Question 39

Idiopathic disorder

Answer 39

An illness without known cause

Question 40

Infectious disease

Answer 40

An illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

Question 41

Inguinal

Answer 41

the area where the lower abdomen meets the upper thigh

Question 42

Medial

Answer 42

toward the middle or center

Question 43

Mesentery

Answer 43

a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the wall around the stomach area and holds it in place

Question 44

Midsagittal plane

Answer 44

A vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the body or part of the body, dividing it into right and left parts

Question 45

Nosocomial infection

Answer 45

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

Question 46

Pandemic

Answer 46

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

Question 47

Pelvic cavity

Answer 47

the space enclosed between the two pelvic bones

Question 48

Peritoneum

Answer 48

The tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen

Question 49

Peritonitis

Answer 49

inflammation of the peritoneum

Question 50

Phenylketonuria

Answer 50

a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing

Question 51

Physiology

Answer 51

the study of how the human body works

Question 52

Posterior

Answer 52

the back side of things

Question 53

Proximal

Answer 53

a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part

Question 54

Retroperitoneal

Answer 54

posterior to the peritoneum and exterior to the peritoneal cavity

Question 55

Stem cells

Answer 55

A cell that can divide to form more stem cells as well as giving rise to specialized cells

Question 56

Thoracic cavity

Answer 56

chest cavity

Question 57

Transverse plane

Answer 57

horizontal plane

Question 58

Umbilicus

Answer 58

a depressed point in the middle of the abdomen

Question 59

Vector-borne transmission

Answer 59

the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector (insects or animal that are capable of transmitting a disease)

Question 60

Ventral

Answer 60

Pertaining to the front or anterior of any structure