CH 4 Medical Term

Question 1

abduction

Answer 1

movement away from median plane of the body

Question 2

adduction

Answer 2

movement of a limb toward the median plane

Question 3

adhesion

Answer 3

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

Question 4

ataxia

Answer 4

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Question 5

atonic

Answer 5

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Question 6

atrophy

Answer 6

weakness or wearing away to body tissue and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time

Question 7

bradykinesia

Answer 7

extreme slowness in movement

Question 8

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 8

swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel

Question 9

chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 9

a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia syndrome

Question 10

circumduction

Answer 10

movement around an axis such that the proximal end of a limb is fixed and the distal end traces a circle

Question 11

contracture

Answer 11

fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or a joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

Question 12

dorsiflexion

Answer 12

movement of a part moving towards the dorsum

Question 13

dyskinesia

Answer 13

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement

Question 14

dystonia

Answer 14

a condition of abnormal muscle tone

Question 15

electromyography

Answer 15

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Question 16

epicondylitis

Answer 16

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

Question 17

ergonomics

Answer 17

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

Question 18

exercise physiologist

Answer 18

a person who has an academic degree in exercise physiology

Question 19

fasciitis

Answer 19

inflammation of a fascia

Question 20

fibromyalgia syndrome

Answer 20

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms

Question 21

ganglion cyst

Answer 21

a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

Question 22

heel spur

Answer 22

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel

Question 23

hemiparesis

Answer 23

slight paralysis or weakness affecting only one side of the body

Question 24

hemiplegia

Answer 24

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

Question 25

hernia

Answer 25

the protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it

Question 26

hyperkinesia

Answer 26

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

Question 27

hypotonia

Answer 27

a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscle

Question 28

impingement syndrome

Answer 28

inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bone within the shoulder joint

Question 29

insertion

Answer 29

the movable attachment of the distal end of a muscle. placing or implanting of something into something else

Question 30

intermittent claudication

Answer 30

pain in the legs muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

Question 31

muscular dystrophy

Answer 31

a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system

Question 32

myasthenia gravis

Answer 32

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

Question 33

myocele

Answer 33

the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in fascia surrounding it

Question 34

myoclonus

Answer 34

the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

Question 35

myofascial release

Answer 35

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 36

myolysis

Answer 36

the degeneration of muscle tissue

Question 37

myoparesis

Answer 37

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Question 38

myorrhaphy

Answer 38

surgical suturing of a muscle

Question 39

neuromuscular

Answer 39

both nerves and muscle

Question 40

nocturnal

Answer 40

occurring in the night

Question 41

oblique

Answer 41

slanting diagonal

Question 42

paralysis

Answer 42

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

Question 43

paraplegia

Answer 43

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

Question 44

physiatrist

Answer 44

a physician who specializes in physical medicine

Question 45

plantar

Answer 45

the sole of the foot

Question 46

polymyositis

Answer 46

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

Question 47

pronation

Answer 47

the act of lying prone or face downward

Question 48

quadriplegia

Answer 48

paralysis of all four extremities

Question 49

range of motion testing

Answer 49

a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

Question 50

sarcopenia

Answer 50

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

Question 51

shin splints

Answer 51

pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia

Question 52

singultus

Answer 52

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

Question 53

spasmodic torticollis

Answer 53

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle that pull the head toward the affected side

Question 54

sphincter

Answer 54

circular muscle constricting an orafice

Question 55

sprain

Answer 55

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament

Question 56

tenodesis

Answer 56

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone

Question 57

tenosynovitis

Answer 57

inflammation of the sheath around a tendon

Question 58

tenolysis

Answer 58

the release of a tendon from adhesions

Question 59

tenorrhaphy

Answer 59

surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon

Question 60

transverse

Answer 60

lying or extending across one side of the body to the other