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Vocab for School > CH 2 vosough science > Flashcards

CH 2 vosough science Flashcards

1
Q

What two molecules are needed in order to make energy in the body?

A

Oxygen and glucose

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2
Q

What in the cell is responsible for converting molecules into energy?

A

mitochondria

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3
Q

What are the three main systems involved in metabolism?

A

Digestive, respiratory, circulatory

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4
Q

What is the definition of metabolism?

A

body’s use of molecules for energy and growth

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5
Q

What’s the definition of a molecule?

A

Atoms joined together in a particular way

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6
Q

What’s the definition of oxygen?

A

a molecule that organisms get from the air or water around them and use to release energy

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7
Q

What’s the definition of glucose?

A

a molecule that organisms can use to release energy, and that is made of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen atoms

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7
Q

What’s the definition of amino acids?

A

molecules that are the building blocks of protein

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8
Q

What’s the definition of starch?

A

energy storage molecule made up of glucose that are connected

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9
Q

What’s the definition of protein?

A

large molecules that do functions inside living things and are made from amino acids

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10
Q

What’s the definition of a system?

A

set of interacting parts that make a whole

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11
Q

What’s the definition of energy?

A

ability to make things move/change

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12
Q

What happens to starch in the digestive system?

A

Enters the digestive system and breaks down into glucose. The undigested starch will go into the small intestine to enter the large intestine.

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13
Q

What takes carbon dioxide out of the blood and replaces it with oxygen?

A

alveoli

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14
Q

Protein is too big to fit through the ______ therefore, it can’t get into the blood.

A

villi

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15
Q

What specifically happens inside the body of someone who suffers from asthma that causes them to get less oxygen?

A

Tubes in the lungs swell up and let less oxygen in

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16
Q

A person who is anemic has less _____________ which means less oxygen makes it to the cells.

A

red blood cells

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17
Q

What is a pancreas? What does it do?

A

Pancreas is a small organ in the digestive system that makes digestive enzymes and is located under the liver near the stomach

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18
Q

What is insulin AND what does it do?

A

Insulin is a protein molecule that “locks” and “unlocks” the cell, allowing glucose to get in

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19
Q

Someone with diabetes can’t produce enough what?

A

insulin

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20
Q

Red blood cells carry _____ molecules needed for energy conversion?

A

oxygen

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21
Q

Other than energy, what are the two byproducts created after energy is made?

A

Water and CO2

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22
Q

What do the alveoli do?

A

Alveoli are tiny structures that connect the lungs to the circulatory system and is when oxygen moves from respiratory system to circulatory, and when CO2 moves from circulatory system to respiratory

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23
Q

What’s the definition of the digestive system?

A

the body system that takes in food and breaks it down

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24
Q

What’s the definition of respiratory system?

A

the body system that takes in oxygen and releases CO2

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25
Q

What’s the definition of a circulatory system?

A

body system that transport glucose, amino acids, and oxygen

26
Q

Diabetes can cause blood glucose levels to be _____

A

high

27
Q

What specifically happens to oxygen in the body of a person with anemia?

A

Someone with anemia doesn’t have enough red blood cells in their body. Red blood cells carry the oxygen into the circulatory system. Since there aren’t enough, the molecules aren’t able to travel into the circulatory system to create energy with glucose.

28
Q

What specifically happens to glucose in the body of a person with diabetes?

A

The glucose can’t get to the cell membrane and gets stuck in the blood

29
Q

What happens to food molecules in the body of a person with an injured pancreas?

A

The food molecules will be undigested and exit as waste instead of energy

30
Q

What does the circulatory system include?(the parts)

A

Blood vessels, blood, the heart

31
Q

What does the respiratory system include? (the parts)

A

Epiglottis,Lungs, trachea, nose, and mouth

32
Q

What does the digestive system include? (the parts)

A

mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, and esophagus

33
Q

What is hemoglobin AND what does it do?

A

Hemoglobin: special protein that allows red blood cells to carry oxygen

34
Q

What structure separates the circulatory system and digestive system?

A

villi

35
Q

What is your heart made of?

A

Muscle tissues

36
Q

Why does your heart beat faster when you exercise?

A

The heart beats faster because it needs to transport molecules faster in order to make energy faster.

37
Q

What are capillaries AND where are a couple different places you’ll find them?

A

Capillaries: smallest blood vessels, inside the villi and around alveoli

38
Q

What do the villi do?

A

Lets glucose and amino acids pass through

39
Q

What’s the full path that oxygen takes in your body?

A
  1. enter the lungs though the mouth and trachea
  2. Carried by red blood cells into the circulatory system through the trachea
  3. it’ll go into the cells’ body and create energy with glucose
40
Q

What’s the full path that a glucose molecule could take in your body?

A
  1. enter the digestive system through the mouth and esophagus and go into the stomach
  2. Because of the digestive enzymes, it’ll break down into glucose
  3. glucose will go into the circulatory system and some of the molecules will enter the glucose storage
    4.other molecules will go into the cells’ body and interact with the oxygen and mitochondria to make energy
41
Q

What’s the full path that a CO2 molecule could take in your body?

A

A. 1. formed as an output of cellular respiration
2.kicked out of cells’ body and go into respiratory system by entering the lungs and exiting the mouth
B. 1. enter through the mouth, into the trachea, into the lungs
2.go into alveoli in order to go to blood vessels to get exhaled.

42
Q

What’s the full path that a fiber molecule would take in your body?

A
  1. enter digestive system thru mouth and saliva
  2. small intestine
  3. large intestine
43
Q

What signals your brain to cause you to breathe faster?

A

Nerve cells

44
Q

What are two ways your body filters the air you breathe?

A
  1. cilla 2.nose hairs and mucus
45
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

covers the trachea to keep food out

46
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

a tube that food travels through to get to the stomach

47
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

The large intestine absorbs water, minerals, and vitamins. Undigested food enters it so that it can exit the body as waste.

48
Q

What is carbon dioxide?

A

a molecule made up of carbon and 2 oxygen atoms

49
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

a process in which atoms rearrange to form new substances

50
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process of energy being created with glucose and oxygen

51
Q

What are the outputs of cellular respiration?

A

energy, water, and CO2

52
Q

What are the inputs of cellular respiration?

A

Glucose and oxygen

53
Q

What do reactants and products mean?

A

Reactants: inputs
Products: outputs

54
Q

What is protein’s main function in the body?

A

create new cells and cell parts

55
Q

When can the cell convert amino acids into protein? (think of the sim)

A

when there r enough amino acids

56
Q

What two things are needed for your body to grow and repair?

A

Proteins and energy

57
Q

What is blood doping, AND what does it do in the body that improves athletic performance?

A

Blood doping is when the athlete takes out a certain amount of blood many weeks before their competition and stores it in a cool place. This will train their red blood cells to multiply and transport oxygen molecules faster. A few hours before the race, they will inject the blood back into their body and this will cause them to create more energy for the competition.

58
Q

What are the TWO major phases of cell growth?

A
  1. Interphase 2. M phase
59
Q

What happens in the G1 phase?

A

cells grow larger, cells make replicas of organelles, make building blocks used in the future phases

60
Q

What happens in the S phase?

A

DNA gets copied/made

61
Q

What happens in the G2 phase?

A

last sub phase, more cell growth, rest of organelles get multiplied, prepare for mitosis

62
Q

What happens in the M phase?

A

replicated items are equally separated and pushed out to edges of the cell

63
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

the splitting of a cell into 2 new cells

Vocab for School (20 decks)

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