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Vocab for School > Traits and Reproduction Test > Flashcards

Traits and Reproduction Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gene? What does it do?

A

Gene is a small part of dna that can code for proteins

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2
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A large condensed piece of dna that contains many genes

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3
Q

What is heredity?

A

How traits are passed down from parent to offspring

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4
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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5
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

To be able to form offsprings without a mate

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6
Q

What’s the main difference between offspring resulting from asexual reproduction vs sexual reproduction?

A

Asexual - no mate for offspring, genes are copied and pasted, sexual - opposite of asexual

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7
Q

What is a nucleotide? What are ALL of its parts?

A

Nucleotide is the building blocks of dna
Parts: 1. Deoxyribose/Sugar 2. Phosphate 3. Nitrogenous Base

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8
Q

What are the 4 bases?

A

A, T, G, C

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9
Q

What bases pair with each other?

A

A+T, C+G

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10
Q

What is DNA’s shape?

A

A double helix

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11
Q

What makes up DNA’s backbone or frame?

A

Sugar phosphate

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12
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have? How many pairs?

A

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

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13
Q

What is a feature? And give an example.

A

A characteristic that 99.9% of the species have
ex: having hair

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14
Q

What is a trait? And give an example.

A

A specific characteristic of an individual
ex: having black hair

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15
Q

What is a variation? And give an example.

A

Any difference in traits between individual organisms
ex: many different hair colors

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16
Q

Why do siblings have different traits from each other?

A

inheritence patterns

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17
Q

What happens to the trait if you add in more of a protein that is already present for the trait?

A

It won’t affect the outcome

18
Q

What happens to the trait if you add in a new protein?

A

depends if it’s recessive or dominant

19
Q

What makes the proteins for our traits?

A

When protein is formed from cells, they combine into a structure to make traits

20
Q

What causes different organisms to make different proteins?

A

Gene creates instructions for organisms when making proteins. The outcomes will depend on different types of instructions and if the gene is homozygous or heterozygous.

21
Q

What is the definition of a protein molecule? (remember what we’ve said about this in the past!)

A

A type of protein molecule that performs important functions inside organisms and is made up of amino acids

22
Q

What is hemophilia? People who have this disease are missing what?

A

someone has less than 13 protein molecules meaning no scabs

23
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

The part of the cell where genes are found

24
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

same

25
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

different

26
Q

What is gene therapy?

A

working to fix/replace genes

27
Q

What is an allele?

A

An identified specific gene (you know what protein it codes for)

28
Q

How are proteins responsible for giving us our traits?

A

When proteins are made, they combine into a structure to make traits

29
Q

What is a mutation?

A

change in gene

30
Q

What are the two main types of mutations and describe each.

A

Inherited mutation - mutation form the parents
Acquired mutation - mutation as a result of environmental factors or errors in dna duplication

31
Q

What is a Punnett Square used for?

A

To find the probability of offsprings receiving specific alleles

32
Q

What is a genotype?

A

A set of alleles for a particular trait (usually written down as two letters, one for each allele)

33
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

Physical outcome of of the genotype (what shows, always a trait)

34
Q

complete dominace? example?

A

When a dominant allele is in the genotype, it will show 100%, ex: black = Bb

35
Q

What is incomplete dominance? Give an example.

A

When the alleles blend together, ex: black & white blended

36
Q

What is Co-Dominance? Give an example.

A

When both alleles are in the phenotype, ex: black and white

37
Q

What’s the only way you can physically show (not write) a recessive trait?

A

2 recessive

38
Q

What information do you first need in order to start a punnett square?

A

both parents’ genotype

39
Q

What percentage is each box in a punnett square worth?

A

25%

40
Q

Give me an example of a homozygous recessive genotype

A

yk what this is

Vocab for School (20 decks)

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