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Vocab for School > Natural Selection > Flashcards

Natural Selection Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a predator?

A

an animal that kills other animals for food

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2
Q

What are two main things that color can do for an organism?

A

warns predators to stay away and camouflage

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3
Q

what is the definition of a prey?

A

an animal that is hunted and killed by another animal

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4
Q

what is the definition of a population?

A

a group of the same type of organism living the same area

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5
Q

what is the definition of a trait

A

a specific characteristic of an individual organism

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6
Q

what is a generation?

A

a group of individuals born and living at about the same time

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7
Q

what is the definition of variation

A

any difference in traits between individual organisms

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8
Q

on a histogram, what would variation look like? describe it

A

more bars mean higher variation, fewer bars means less variation

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9
Q

what is the definition of distribution

A

the number of individuals with each trait in a population

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10
Q

on a histogram, what would distribution look like? describe it

A

the higher the bar the higher the distribution for that specific trait - the lower the bar the lower the distribution for that trait

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11
Q

what is a non-adaptive trait? give an example

A

any trait that does not make it more likely an individual will survive - having blue fur in a yellow environment because blue doesn’t camouflage into yellow

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12
Q

what is an adaptive trait? give an example

A

a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will survive in an environment - having yellow fur in a yellow environment because yellow camouflages with yellow

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13
Q

what is the definition of a species?

A

a group of organisms of the same kind that don’t reproduce with organisms from any other group

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14
Q

what is the definition of environment

A

everything (biotic and abiotic) that surrounds an organism

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15
Q

what is the definition of a gene

A

an instruction for making a protein molecule

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16
Q

how are traits formed

A

genes code for proteins which make structures that form traits

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17
Q

what is the definition of a protein molecule

A

a type of large molecule that performs important functions inside organisms made by amino acids

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18
Q

difference between gene and chromosome?

A

chromosomes carry many genes and are long, condensed pieces of DNA - genes just make instructions for protein molecules

19
Q

why do chromosomes come in pairs?

A

each parent passes down a chromosome, which makes a pair

20
Q

why do we have 2 copies of each gene?

A

each chromosome in a pair has a copy of each gene

21
Q

what are alleles

A

different versions of genes

22
Q

how does a person tell if a mutated gene is passed down from parent to offspring

A

there is no telling because genes are passed down randomly and inherited genes also don’t show up on a punnet square

23
Q

definition of offspring?

A

an organism produced as a result of reproduction

24
Q

in relation to natural selection, why is it important to survive?

A

to reproduce and keep the population going and pass on adaptive traits to offspring

25
Q

definition of natural selection?

A

the process by which the distribution of traits in a population naturally changes over many generations

26
Q

definition of cause

A

event or process that leads to a result or change

27
Q

definition of effect?

A

a result or change that happens because of an event or process

28
Q

what are the names of the two scientists mainly credited with discovering natural selection?

A

Charles darwin - alfred Russel wallace

29
Q

title of first published book about natural selection?

A

“On the Origin of Species”

30
Q

purpose of Wallace line?

A

line divides places from where asian animals live from where south Pacific and australian animals live

31
Q

what does having less genetic variation in a population mean for their survival?

A

having less genetic variation in a population means a less likely chance of that population surviving because there is a lower chance that one of the traits in that low variation population to be an adaptive trait

32
Q

what effects do most mutations have on traits

A

none

33
Q

what is a mutation

A

a random change to a gene that sometimes results in a new trait

34
Q

non-adaptive mutated genes become ____ ______ over time

A

less common

35
Q

how can mutations helps in a changing environment

A

can introduce new traits which will increase variation and the distribution of that one trait in that population

36
Q

can a non-adaptive trait turn adaptive or vice versa? explain

A

yes, because the environment is always changing, so the non-adaptive trait could become an adaptive trait when the environment changes and the current adaptive trait could turn non-adaptive

37
Q

difference between traits and features?

A

feature is characteristic at 99% of people have, traits are characteristics of individual organisms

38
Q

histograms are specifically used to show what?

A

to show the difference in populations from different time periods or different populations in general

39
Q

how are histograms useful?

A

can show if the variation or distribution changed in a population over time

40
Q

how can a mutation which only affects one individual organism end up being the most common trait in a population?

A

the organism with the mutation will reproduce and pass down that trait to their offspring and that offspring will reproduce and pass down the no longer mutated trait - can become most common trait in population if it is an adaptive trait

41
Q

what does having more genetic variation in a population mean for that population’s survival?

A

will more likely survive than population will low variation because there is a higher chance that one of the traits is an adaptive trait

42
Q

what is artificial selection?

A

an evolutionary process in which humans consciously select for or against particular traits in a population

43
Q

what is genetic engineering?

A

intentional modification of traits by altering genes

Vocab for School (21 decks)

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