Ch 20- Antimicrobial

Question 1

-wanted to find a cure for syphilis
-stained tissues and came up with the idea of “selective toxicity”
-proposed the blood-brain barrier

Answer 1

Paul Erlich

Question 2

Antibiotics that inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan

Answer 2

Beta-lactam drugs (penicillin, cephalosporin) - they contain the beta-lactam ring

Question 3

Are beta-lactam drugs bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 3

Bacteriostatic - they only interfere with bacteria that are growing and synthesizing new cell walls

Question 4

T or F: The first discovered penicillin strain was Penicillin G which was unstable in stomach acid; and could only be injected.

Answer 4

T - Penicillin V is ingestible

Question 5

Examples of drugs that were synthesized from penicillin to allow them to be broad-range:

Answer 5

ampicillin, amoxicillin

Question 6

Drugs like methicillin and dicloxacillin are new versions of penicillin and are used to treat Staphylococcus infections because they are resistant to…..

Answer 6

Penicillinase

Question 7

Augmentin

Answer 7

Combo drug! Contains beta-lactamase inhibitor + the antibiotic

Question 8

Big targets of antimicrobial drugs:

Answer 8

1) Protein synthesis - ribosome
2) Cell wall synthesis - peptidoglycan linking
3) Nucleic acid synthesis - gyrase or DNA polymerase
4) Folic acid production - competitive inhibitor

Question 9

Chemicals used to treat disease

Answer 9

Chemotherapeutic agents

Question 10

Discovered penicillin

Answer 10

Fleming

Question 11

How does penicillin work?

Answer 11

Inhibit formation of tetrapeptide side chains (in G + bacteria). Penicillins contain a beta-lactam ring

Question 12

Sulfonamides

Answer 12

Sulfonamides interfere with folic acid synthesis, which is essential for nucleic acid synthesis