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Microbiology > Chapter 5&7 > Flashcards

Chapter 5&7 Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibits bacterial growth

A

Bacteriostatic

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2
Q

Chemical capable of killing bacteria

A

Bactericidal

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3
Q

Agent used to inhibit or kill growth, used on skin or mucous membrane

A

Antiseptic

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4
Q

An agent used to inhibit growth/kill bacteria on inanimate objects

A

Disinfectant

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5
Q

_______are stages in the life cycle of certain intestinal protozoan pathogens like Giardia lamblia. They are disinfectant-resistant forms that appear in the feces of infected animals, including humans. They are easily destroyed by boiling.

A

Cycsts

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6
Q

Enzyme that binds to DNA during replication and matches complementary base pairs. 5-3 direction

A

DNA polymerase

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7
Q

Makes primers with the use of RNA, needed to start DNA strand replication

A

primase

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8
Q

A series of three nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid

A

codon

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9
Q

Transcription vs translation

A

Transcription: info from DNA is encoded into RNA
Translation: mRNA is used to synthesize encoded protein (amino acid)

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10
Q

Nucleotide sequence RNA polymerase binds to start transcription

A

Promoter

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11
Q

Semiconservative

A

During binary fission, the replication of bacterial DNA, two molecules created contains one of the original stands paired with a newly synthesized strand

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12
Q

These enzymes temporarily break and unwind the DNA helix at the origin of replication (to initiate DNA replication, there is only ONE origin of replication in bacterial cells)

A

helicase and gyrase

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13
Q

anticodon

A

three complementary nucleotides in tRNA molecule that recognize and bind to associated mRNA

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14
Q

Inducible enzymes

A

Synthesis can be turned on as needed. The genes for the enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose are turned on when lactose is present.

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14
Q

Allows bacteria to “talk” to each other via molecule synthesis.
Low cell density=low signal molecule.
High cell density=high signal molecule.
At a certain density, the expression of genes changes.

A

quorum sensing

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15
Q

Repressible enzymes

A

enzymes that are produced routinely but their synthesis can be turned off when not required.

15
Q

operon

A

PROG(t). closely related genes that act as a single unit

15
Q

constituents of operon

A

promoter, repressor, operator, genes, terminator

16
Q

DNA is synthesized in the ________ direction

A

5’ to 3’

17
Q

Enzyme: joins DNA fragments on the lagging strand

A

DNA ligase

18
Q

Enzyme: relieves tension from unwinding DNA strands; breaks hydrogen bonds

A

DNA gyrase

19
Q

Enzyme: builds primers (3 nucleotide grouping of DNA to start replication at the fork or between lagging strands)

A

primase

20
Q

start codon

A

AUG

21
Q

STOP codons

A

UAG, UGA, UAA

22
Q

What technique to use for controlling microbial growth on: drinking water

A

filtration

23
Q

What technique to use for controlling microbial growth on: surface lab benches

A

U.V. (non-ionizing) radiation - less energy/longer waves

24
Q

What technique to use for controlling microbial growth on: food such as fruits and meats to kill ENDOSPORES

A

Gamma (Ionizing) radiation - short wave, higher energy

25
Q

What technique to use for controlling microbial growth on: sterilizing heat-sensitive solutions such as beer

A

Filtration

26
Q

Chemical control: destroys cytoplasm membrane and denatures proteins, not good for skin. Very effective, found in Lysol

A

phenol/phenolics (used as antiseptic/disinfectant)

27
Q

Chemical control: Damage proteins, not to be used as an antiseptic, could be used in small portions to clean water

A

Halogens (Chloride, Iodine)

28
Q

Chemical control: Denatures proteins and lipid bilayer, common antiseptic in diluted portions. non-toxic, evaporate quickly

A

Alcohol

29
Q

Chemical control: Interferes with protein/enzyme function by binding to sulfhydryl- groups. in bandaids, used to treat scratches. Not very many used due to environmental concerns.

A

Metal (silver nitrate)

30
Q

Chemical control: Hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, reduce the surface tension of liquids and wash away microbes

A

Quats (soaps)

31
Q

Chemical control: Low toxicity, used in many antimicrobial products; disrupts cell-membrane

A

biguanides

32
Q
A

Microbiology (16 decks)

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