Ch. 20 - Microbial Diseases of Nervous system and Eyes

Question 1

What type of environment is the CNS?

Answer 1

axenic

Question 2

What 4 ways can pathogens access the CNS?

Answer 2

Breaks in bones/meninges
Medical procedures
Peripheral neurons
Infect and kills cells of meninges

Question 3

What are the two ways that bacteria cause disease in the nervous system?

Answer 3

INFECT CELLS of the nervous system.

Bacteria growing elsewhere RELEASE TOXINS that affect neurons.

Question 4

2 types of diseases that infect cells of n.s.?

Answer 4

Meningitis

leprosy

Question 5

2 types of diseases that affect n.s. by toxins released by bacteria?

Answer 5

Botulism

tetanus

Question 6

Major symptom of bacterial meningitis?

Answer 6

sever high fever and SEVERE MENINGEAL INFLAMMATION

Question 7

What causes meningitis in college students, MC

Answer 7

Neisseria meningitis

Question 8

What is the sign of Neisseria meningitis?

Answer 8

Purple spotted rash.

Question 9

Neisseria meningitis is known as the “___”

Answer 9

meningococcus

Question 10

Mode of transmission for Neisseria meningitis?

Answer 10

Respiratory droplets

Question 11

What type of pathogen causes Neisseria meningitis?

Answer 11

Bacteria (gram -)

Question 12

This is known as “pneumococcus”

Answer 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 13

MC bacterial meningitis in adults is?

Answer 13

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 14

Mode of transmission for streptococcus pneumoniae?

Answer 14

Respiratory droplets

Question 15

What type of pathogen is streptococcus pneumoniae?

Answer 15

Bacteria (gram +)

Question 16

MC cause of meningitis in children

Answer 16

haemophilus influenza b

Question 17

What type of pathogen is haemophilus influenza b?

Answer 17

Bacteria (Gram -)

Question 18

This type of meningitis affects babies, elderly, and pregnant women.

Answer 18

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 19

What type of pathogen is listeria monocytogenes?

Answer 19

Bacteria (Gram +)

Question 20

Mode of transmission for listeria monocytogenes?

Answer 20

Contaminated food or drink

Question 21

Meningitis in premature babies and infants

Answer 21

Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 22

Type of pathogen for streptococcus agalactiae?

Answer 22

Bacteria (gram +)

Question 23

Mode of transmission for streptococcus agalactiae?

Answer 23

At birth via passage through the birth canal or by health care personal.

Question 24

Listeria monocytogenes can survive in ____?

Answer 24

Cold environments

Question 25

This type of meningitis is present in normal flora in 50% of women.

Answer 25

Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 26

Poliomyelitis is caused by what virus?

Answer 26

Poliovirus

Question 27

What type of pathogen is poliovirus?

Answer 27

RNA virus

Question 28

Mode of transmission for poliomyelitis?

Answer 28

By drinking contaminated water (fecal-oral) MC

Question 29

Poliomyelitis aka

Answer 29

Infantile paralysis

Question 30

What is the common crippling deterioration with polio called?

Answer 30

Portfolio syndrome

Question 31

What two vaccines are there for polio?

Answer 31

OPV, IPV

Question 32

Which polio vaccine is no longer given in US?

Answer 32

OPV

Question 33

Which famous person diagnosed with polio?

Answer 33

FDR

Question 34

What type of polio has muscle spasms and back pain.

Answer 34

nonparalytic polio

Question 35

What percentage of poliomyelitis causes paralytic polio?

Answer 35

1%

Question 36

What percentage of polio cases are asymptomatic infections?

Answer 36

Almost 90%

Question 37

What type of pathogen is the rabies virus?

Answer 37

RNA virus

Question 38

How does transmission usually happen with rabies?

Answer 38

Through a bite, break in skin or inhalation.

Question 39

What is the classical zoonotic disease of animals?

Answer 39

rabies

Question 40

What is the source of most rabies cases in US?

Answer 40

bats

Question 41

When is it too late to intervene with rabies?

Answer 41

By the time the symptoms occur.

Question 42

The rabies virus capsid is what shape?

Answer 42

"bullet shaped"

Question 43

The encephalitis viruses are all what type of pathogens?

Answer 43

RNA viruses

Question 44

Eastern Equine Encephalitis is mostly found where?

Answer 44

East of the Mississippi river

Question 45

Western equine encephalitis is mostly found where?

Answer 45

West of the Mississippi river

Question 46

Venezuelan equine encephalitis is mostly found where?

Answer 46

In Texas

Question 47

Which has a higher mortality rate? WEE or EEE?

Answer 47

EEE

Question 48

EEE is also not as what?

Answer 48

Sleeping sickness (NOT African kind)

Question 49

EEE is what class BSL?

Answer 49

3

Question 50

What is the vector for all the encephalitis viruses except one?

Answer 50

mosquitos

Question 51

When do the seizures begin with EEE, VEE, and WEE?

Answer 51

3-10s after the bite of the infected mosquito

Question 52

Encephalitis viruses are also called

Answer 52

arboviruses

Question 53

Which viral infection was named after an outbreak in St. Louis?

Answer 53

St. Louis encephalitis

Question 54

What should you avoid in order to avoid getting West Nile Encephalitis?

Answer 54

Avoid handling dead birds

Question 55

80% of the people are ______ with West Nile Encephalitis.

Answer 55

asymptomatic

Question 56

Which encephalitis presents initially with viremia and the symptoms are usually mild?

Answer 56

California (Lacrosse) encephalitis

Question 57

What is the vector for Tick borne encephalitis?

Answer 57

Hard tick

Question 58

What kind of disease is the tick borne encephalitis?

Answer 58

emerging

Question 59

What causes cryptococcal meningitis?

Answer 59

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 60

What type of organism/pathogen is Cryptococcus neoformans?

Answer 60

fungus

Question 61

Mode of transmission for cryptococcal neoformans?

Answer 61

Opportunistic pathogen- inhalation of spores or dried yeast cells.

Question 62

What is the most common form of cryptococcal infection?

Answer 62

Cryptococcal neoformans