ch. 21 in class notes

Question 1

fluid medium, vital transport functions, electrolytes, metabolic wastes

Answer 1

plasma

Question 2

RBC, WBC (granulocytes/agranulocytes), platelets

Answer 2

formed elements

Question 3

plasms % water

Answer 3

90-91

Question 4

plasma protein percent

Answer 4

6.5-8

Question 5

plasma solute percent

Answer 5

2

Question 6

transport medium
heat distribution
pH and electrolyte balance
plasma proteins differentiate from interstitial fluid

Answer 6

plasma function

Question 7

loss of plasma proteins cause

Answer 7

sepsis

Question 8

loss of blood cause

Answer 8

shock

Question 9

loss of albumin takes water into intersitium with it causes distortion of blood binding when 30% of blood is lost

Question 10

wbc make up what percent of blood

Answer 10

less than 1

Question 11

plasma proteins with the functions:
osmotic pressure
carrier function

Answer 11

albumin

Question 12

plasma proteins with the functions:
alpha and beta transport
antibody immunity

Answer 12

globulins

Question 13

plasma protein function:
clot formation precursor

Answer 13

fibrinogen

Question 14

why is this patient edematous:
58 year old male with alcoholic cirrhosis
presents with-
ascites
peripheral edema
labs show
serum albumin 2.1 g/dL (low)

Answer 14

leaking into plasma causing swelling into body. low albumin collapsed the oncotic pressure. leaves vessels and accumulates

Question 15

serum does not have

Answer 15

fibrinogen

Question 16

has fibrinogen

Answer 16

plasma

Question 17

in healing burns. healing level is based on this. may prefer to give this and not transfusion to help heal burns helps heal faster

Answer 17

albumin levels

Question 18

make up what percent. globulins. alpha beta gamma

Answer 18

38%

Question 19

beta globulins (they are antibodies) are responsible for

Answer 19

transporting iron and copper

Question 20

why we measure albumin in ICU

Answer 20

potential of shock in pts. also avoiding based on: give diuretics or paracentesis or give albumin infusion that affect albumin

Question 21

the only true cells int eh blood

Answer 21

white blood cells

Question 22

plasma-fibrinogen

Answer 22

serum

Question 23

bioconcave
anucleate
120 day lifespan
contain hemoglobin for o2/co2 exchange
deformable to fit capillaries
not small enough to go through glomeruli unless pathology can leak

Answer 23

rbcs

Question 24

diameter of rbc

Answer 24

8 microns

Question 25

5 types of granulocyte wbcs

Answer 25

neutrophils eosinophils basophils monocytes lymphocytes

Question 26

function in immunity, inflammation, surveliance

Answer 26

WBC granulocytes

Question 27

bacteria/fungi defense, short-lived, band forms in infection

Answer 27

neutrophils

Question 28

percent neutrophils

Answer 28

55-65

Question 29

allergy, parasites, asthma

Answer 29

eosinophils

Question 30

percent eosinophils

Answer 30

1-3

Question 31

histamine, hypersensitivity, have heparin* key layer in hypersensitivity

Answer 31

basophils

Question 32

percent of basophils

Answer 32

less than 1%

Question 33

b cells t cells nk cells

Answer 33

lymphocytes

Question 34

percent lymphocytes

Answer 34

20-30%

Question 35

bone marrow pushes out immature bands (in progression of stem cell to granulocyte) because there is high demand from systemic infection. there is a threat...in eosinophil allergies with histamine

Answer 35

lift shift

Question 36

percent monocytes

Answer 36

3-8%

Question 37

never let monkeys eat bannanas

Answer 37

neutrophils lymphocytes monocytes eosinophils basophils

Question 38

lymphocytes are what immunity

Answer 38

innate?

Question 39

platelets are cell fragments from

Answer 39

megakaryocytes

Question 40

form primary platelet plug, releasing clotting factors. live 8-12. stick swell secrete

Answer 40

platelets/thrombocytes

Question 41

band neutrophils in infection: 64 year old male with diabetes presents with fever and confusion labs show WBC 22,000 with 20% bands what is the significance of the bands? why are they elevated? what's a left shift?

Answer 41

systemic infection so quickly pushing out bands. bandemia

Question 42

in the embryo hematopoiesis is produced

Answer 42

yolk sac

Question 43

in fetal hematopoiesis is in

Answer 43

liver/spleen

Question 44

postnatal, hematopoiesis is in the

Answer 44

bone marrow

Question 45

seen in myelofibrosis, severe anemia, hemoglobulinopathies

Answer 45

extramedullary blood formation in liver and spleen in disease states

Question 46

myeloid stem cells can become

Answer 46

rbc platelets granulocytes monocytes

Question 47

lymphoid stem cells become

Answer 47

b cells t cells NK cells

Question 48

increase RBCs- kidney

Answer 48

EPO erythopoeitin

Question 49

increase platelets- liver

Answer 49

TPO (thrombopoietin)

Question 50

increase neutrophils used in neutropenia

Answer 50

G-CSF

Question 51

multilineage effects

Answer 51

IL-3, IL-6, GM-CSF

Question 52

measures how fast rbc fold into tube over 1 hr

Answer 52

esr

Question 53

more fibrinogen cause cells to be heavier cause it to settle much faster. ESR rate in this case is...?