ch. 23 book notes Flashcards
(33 cards)
the function of iron in the formation of hemoglobin
allows for heme synthesis so lack of iron results in low hemoglobin in rbcs
formation of bilirubin
heme is converted to bilirubin.
transport of bilirubin
attaches to plasma proteins for transport
elimination of bilirubin
removed from blood by liver and conjugated with glucuronide to render it water soluble so that it can be excreted in bile
describe how rbc count relates to diagnosis of anemia
% of reticulocytes- diagnosis of anemia
provides an index of the rate of red cell production
hemoglobin- diagnosis of anemia
measures hemoglobin content of the blood
hematocrit- diagnosis of anemia
measures the red cell mass in a 100 ml plasma volume
mean corpuscular volume - diagnosis of anemia
reflects the volume or
size of the red cells. The MCV falls in microcytic (small cell) anemia and
rises in macrocytic (large cell) anemia. Some anemias are normocytic (i.e.,
cells are of normal size or MCV).
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration- diagnosis of anemia
is the concentration of hemoglobin in each cell.
Hemoglobin accounts for the color of red blood cells. Anemias are
described as normochromic (normal color or MCHC) or hypochromic
(decreased color or MCHC). Mean cell hemoglobin refers to the mass of the
red cell and is less useful in classifying anemias.
red blood cell antigens vs antibodies in different blood types
in microcytic/small cell anemia, the MCV
falls
in macrocytic/large cell anemia, the MCV
rises
determination of Rh factor
express D antigen- Rh-positive
antibodies develop after exposure to one or more of the Rh antigens (pregnancy/transfusion)
signs and sx of blood transfusion rxn
conjunctival edema
edema of lips tongue and uvula
erythema and edema of the periorbital area
generalized flushing
hypotension
localized angioedema
maculopapular rash
pruritus
respiratory distress
urticaria
back pain
fever
chills
hypotension
decreased fibrinogen
hemoglobinemia
manifestations of anemia and mechanisms
manifestations of impaired oxygen transport
fatigue weakness dyspnea angina
headache faintness dim vision
tachycardia- flow murmur
characteristics of rbc in acute blood loss
circulatory and cardiovascular shock and collapse
characteristics of rbc in hereditary spherocytosis
mild hemolytic anemia
jaundice
splenomegaly
bilirubin gallstones
red cells form sphere and cannot easily traverse the spleen
characteristics of rbc in sickle cell disease
abnormal hemoglobin leads to chronic hemolytic anemia, pain, organ failure
characteristics of rbc in iron deficiency anemia
rbc are decreased in number and are microcytic and hypochromic. are also poikilocytosis (irregular shape) and anisocytosis (irregular size)
characteristics of rbc in aplastic anemia
reduction. failure of bone marrow to replase senescent red cells that are destroyed and leave circulation
causes and manifestations of polycythemia vera and secondary polycythemia
cause- bone marrow increase total rbc and elevate wbc and platelet counts
manifestation- increase in red cell count, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit and increased visscocity and volume interferes with cardiac output and blood flow. ht headache dizzy innability to concentrate
cause-increase in erythropowitin from hypoxia
manifestation- hypoxia, ht
function of hemoglobin F in neonate and rbc changes that occur
factors that predispose to hyperbilirubinemia in the infant
