Ch 21 Pharmacology

Question 1

new drug synthesis

Answer 1

medicinal chemistry

Question 2

drug effects on the body

Answer 2

pharmacodynamics

Question 3

drug’s absorption, distribution metabolism, and excretion over time

Answer 3

pharmacokinetics

Question 4

interaction of drugs and components inside the cell or on the cell surface

Answer 4

molecular pharmacology

Question 5

use of drugs in treatment of cancer and infectious disease

Answer 5

chemotherapy

Question 6

studies of harmful effects of drugs on the body

Answer 6

toxicology

Question 7

administration of drugs by mouth

Answer 7

oral administration

Question 8

administration of drugs placed under the tongue that dissolve in saliva

Answer 8

sublingual

Question 9

administration of drugs inserted into the rectum

Answer 9

rectal

Question 10

administration of drugs where there is an injection of drug from a syringe through a hollow needle placed under the skin, into a muscle, vein or body cavity

Answer 10

parenteral administration

Question 11

parenteral administration injection is made into a body cavity such as the peritoneal or pleural cavity

Answer 11

intercavitary instillation

Question 12

parenteral administration occurs in the space under the membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain

Answer 12

intrathecal instillation

Question 13

administration of drugs taken into the nose or moth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the thin walls of air sacs in the lungs

Answer 13

inhalation

Question 14

administration of drugs where particles of drugs suspended in air are administered by inhalation

Answer 14

aerosols

Question 15

administration of drugs applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body

Answer 15

topical application

Question 16

2 topical drugs commonly used as ointments, creams and lotions

Answer 16

1. antiseptics

2. antipruritics

Question 17

patches used to deliver drugs continuously through the skin

Answer 17

transdermal patches

Question 18

3 oral vehicles for administration

Answer 18

1. caplets
2. capsules
3. tablets

Question 19

1 sublingual vehicle for administration

Answer 19

tablets

Question 20

1 rectal vehicle for administration

Answer 20

suppositories

Question 21

2 parenteral vehicles for administration

Answer 21

1. injections

2. instillations

Question 22

7 types of injections and instillations

Answer 22

1. intracavitary
2. intradermal
3. intramuscular
4. intrathecal
5. intravenous
6. pumps
7. subcutaneous

Question 23

1 vehicle for inhalation administration

Answer 23

aerosols

Question 24

4 vehicles for topical administration

Answer 24

1. lotions
2. creams
3. ointments
4. transdermal patches

Question 25

drug family that lessens pain

Answer 25

analgesics

Question 26

drug family that reduces or eliminates sensation

Answer 26

anesthetic

Question 27

drug family: chemical substance produced by a microorganism that inhibits or kills bacteria, fungi or parasites

Answer 27

antiobiotics and antivirals

Question 28

microorganism that inhibits bacteria, fungi, or parasites

Answer 28

bacteriostatic

Question 29

microorganism that kills bacteria, fungi, or parasites

Answer 29

bactericidal

Question 30

drug family that treats fungal infections

Answer 30

antifungal

Question 31

drug family that prevents clotting or coagulation of blood

Answer 31

anticoagulants and antiplatelet

Question 32

drug family that prevents or reduces frequency of convulsions in various types of seizure disorders or epilepsy

Answer 32

anticonvulsants

Question 33

drug family that treat symptoms of depressions; also mild sedatives

Answer 33

antidepressants

Question 34

drug family that treats symptoms of Alzheimer disease by aiding brain neurotransmitters or shielding brain cells from glutamate

Answer 34

anti-Alzheimer drugs

Question 35

drug family used to treat diabetes mellitus

Answer 35

antidiabetics

Question 36

drug family that blocks the action of histamine, which is normally released in the body in allergic reactions

Answer 36

antihistamines

Question 37

drug family that prevent nausea; used to prevent motion sickness

Answer 37

antiemetic

Question 38

drug family that act on the heart or the blood vessels to treat hypertension, angina, MI, CHF and arrhythmias

Answer 38

cardiovascular drugs

Question 39

drug family that dilate blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improving the performance of the heart, and reduce workload

Answer 39

angiotensin-convering enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Question 40

drug family that lower blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels

Answer 40

angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Question 41

drug family that reverse abnormal heart rhythms

Answer 41

antiarrhythmics

Question 42

drug family that decrease muscular tone in blood vessels, slow heart rate, decrease heart output, reduce blood pressure by blocking the action of epinephrine at receptor sites in the heart/blood vessels

Answer 42

beta blockers

Question 43

drug family that dilates blood vessels and lower blood pressure and treat angina and arrhythmias

Answer 43

calcium channel blockers

Question 44

drug family that increase the force of contraction of the heart; treats heart failure and atrial fibrillation

Answer 44

cardiac clycosides

Question 45

drug family that bind to dietary cholesterol and prevent its uptake from the GI tract

Answer 45

cholesterol binding drugs

Question 46

drug family that control hypercholesterolemia

Answer 46

cholesterol lowering drugs (statins)

Question 47

drug family that reduces volume of blood in the body by promoting the kidney to remove water and salt through urine

Answer 47

diuretics

Question 48

drug family that interfere with the production of androgens or with their binding in tissues

Answer 48

antiandrogens

Question 49

drug family that reduce amount of estrogen in the blood; effective against cancer

Answer 49

aromatase inhibitors

Question 50

drug family that have estrogen like effects on bone and lipid metabolism

Answer 50

selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

Question 51

drug family that neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach to relieve symptoms of peptic ulcer, esophagitis and reflux

Answer 51

antacids

Question 52

drug family that blocks secretion of acid by cells in the lining of the stomach

Answer 52

antiulcer

Question 53

drug family that treat autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's

Answer 53

anti-tnf tumor necrosis factor

Question 54

drug family that open bronchial tubes and are administered by injection or aerosol inhalers

Answer 54

bronchodilators

Question 55

drug family that are inhaled or given IV and orally to reduce chronic inflammation in respiratory passageways

Answer 55

steroid drugs

Question 56

drug family that prevent asthma attacks by blocking leukotriene from binding to receptors in respiratory tissues

Answer 56

leukotriene modifiers

Question 57

drug family that depress the CNS ad promote drowsiness and sleep

Answer 57

sedative-hypnotics

Question 58

2 major categories of sedative hypnotics

Answer 58

1. barbitruates | 2. benzodiazepines

Question 59

drug family that act on the brain to speed up vital processes in cases of shock and collapse

Answer 59

stimulants

Question 60

drug family that control anxiety

Answer 60

tranquilizers

Question 61

hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation

Answer 61

glucocorticoid

Question 62

aer/o

Answer 62

air

Question 63

alges/o

Answer 63

sensitivity to pain

Question 64

bronch/o

Answer 64

bronchial tube

Question 65

chem/o

Answer 65

drug

Question 66

cras/o

Answer 66

mixture

Question 67

cutane/o

Answer 67

skin

Question 68

derm/o

Answer 68

skin

Question 69

erg/o

Answer 69

work

Question 70

esthes/o

Answer 70

feeling, sensation

Question 71

hist/o

Answer 71

tissue

Question 72

hypn/o

Answer 72

sleep

Question 73

iatr/o

Answer 73

treatment

Question 74

lingu/o

Answer 74

tongue

Question 75

myc/o

Answer 75

mold, fungus

Question 76

narc/o

Answer 76

stupor

Question 77

or/o

Answer 77

mouth

Question 78

pharmac/o

Answer 78

drug

Question 79

prurit/o

Answer 79

itching

Question 80

pyret/o

Answer 80

fever

Question 81

thec/o

Answer 81

sheath (of brain and spinal cord)

Question 82

tox/o

Answer 82

poison

Question 83

toxic/o

Answer 83

poison

Question 84

vas/o

Answer 84

vessel

Question 85

ven/o

Answer 85

vein

Question 86

vit/o

Answer 86

life

Question 87

ana-

Answer 87

upward, excessive, again

Question 88

anti-

Answer 88

against

Question 89

contra-

Answer 89

againts, opposite

Question 90

par-

Answer 90

other than, apart from

Question 91

syn-

Answer 91

together, with

Question 92

ac

Answer 92

before meals (ante cibum)

Question 93

bid

Answer 93

2 times a day

Question 94

h

Answer 94

hour

Question 95

hs

Answer 95

at bedtime

Question 96

IM

Answer 96

intramuscular

Question 97

IV

Answer 97

intravenous

Question 98

npo

Answer 98

nothing by mouth (nil per os)

Question 99

NSAID

Answer 99

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Question 100

pc

Answer 100

after meals (post cibum)

Question 101

PCA

Answer 101

patient controlled analgesia

Question 102

prn

Answer 102

as needed; as necessary

Question 103

q

Answer 103

every

Question 104

qh

Answer 104

every hour

Question 105

q2h

Answer 105

every 2 hours

Question 106

qid

Answer 106

4 times a day

Question 107

Rx

Answer 107

prescription

Question 108

tid

Answer 108

3 times daily

Question 109

high cholesterol drugs

Answer 109

atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Question 110

hypothyroidism drugs

Answer 110

levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Question 111

coronary artery disease drugs

Answer 111

clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix)

Question 112

a. bacterial infections drugs

Answer 112

cephalexin (Keflex)

Question 113

b. bacterial infections drugs

Answer 113

levofloxacin (Levaquin)

Question 114

c. bacterial infections drugs

Answer 114

tetracycline

Question 115

epilepsy drugs

Answer 115

phenytoin sodium (Dilantin)

Question 116

depression drugs

Answer 116

fluoxetine (Prozac)

Question 117

alzheimer drugs

Answer 117

donepezil (Aricept)

Question 118

hay fever drugs

Answer 118

loratadine (Claritin)

Question 119

osteoporosis drugs

Answer 119

alendronate (Fosamax)

Question 120

prostate cancer drugs

Answer 120

flutamide (Eulexin)

Question 121

fungal infection drugs

Answer 121

terbinafine (Lamisil)

Question 122

thrombosis drugs

Answer 122

warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 123

GERD drugs

Answer 123

ranitidine (Zantac)

Question 124

diarrhea drugs

Answer 124

loperamide (Imodium)

Question 125

Crohn's drugs

Answer 125

adalimumab (Humira)

Question 126

asthma drugs

Answer 126

albuterol (Ventolin)

Question 127

prostate cancer drugs

Answer 127

flutamide (Eulexin)

Question 128

breast cancer drugs

Answer 128

tamoxifin (Nolvadex)

Question 129

allergic drugs

Answer 129

prednisone (Deltasone)

Question 130

insomia drugs

Answer 130

zolpiderm tartrate (Ambien)

Question 131

ADD drugs

Answer 131

methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Question 132

1. anxiety drugs

Answer 132

lorazepam (Ativan)

Question 133

2. anxiety drugs

Answer 133

diazepam (Valium)