ch 24

Question 1

genotypic frequency

Answer 1

the proportion of total individuals in a population that have a particular genotype

Question 2

formula for genotypic frequency

Answer 2

individuals with genotype/total # indivuals

Question 3

allelic frequency

Answer 3

number of gene copies in the population that are given allele type

Question 4

formula for allelic frequency

Answer 4

individuals with genotype/total # indivuals
-finding aa so add up aa allele twice and the heterozygotes number/ pop x 2

Question 5

assumptions for Hardy Weinberg

Answer 5

-no natural selection
-no new mutations
-no migration
-large and diploid population
-random matting

Question 6

what are the two consequences of the law of segregation and random mating?

Answer 6

• haploid gametes are produced with 50% chance of either allele (allele frequency of adult population = allele frequency of gametes produced )
• allele frequencies on the gamete can predict the genotypic frequencies of the zygotes in the next generation

Question 7

do sex-linked or autosomal genes take more generations to reach equilibrium?

Answer 7

sex-linked

Question 8

genetic drift
sampling error

Answer 8

allele frequencies fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next
=sampling error = not accurately representing of the population

Question 9

which type of population do you see more genetic drift and why? (small/large)

Answer 9

-smaller have more genetic drift because there are fewer random matting causing alleles to be fixed or extinct
-large have less genetic drift bc more random mattings

Question 10

when populations are small how can genetic drift be accelerated by?

Answer 10

founder effect and population bottlenecks

Question 11

founder effect

Answer 11

few individuals become isolated from the larger population (significantly different from the larger population)

Question 12

population bottleneck

Answer 12

the sudden reduction in population size due ti the change In an environment

Question 13

why are deleterious recessive alleles maintained in the population?

Answer 13

carriers may not show symptoms
-hetrozygote advantage: carriers are more resistant to some other disease/issue

Question 14

what is the difference between p+q=1 and p2 +2pq + q2 =1

Answer 14

• p+q=1 is used to find the allele frequencies themselves
  -p2+2pq+q2=1 equation is to find the number of individuals, or the population, that has that specific genotype, or set of alleles.