CH 25

Question 1

a system of mountain ranges on the sea floor separated by valleys

Answer 1

Mid-ocean ridge

Question 2

a long narrow depression

Answer 2

rift valley

Question 3

the boundary where two plates collide

Answer 3

convergent plate boundary

Question 4

when the thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate the denser plate dives beneath the continent in the process is called

Answer 4

subduction

Question 5

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart

Answer 5

divergent plate boundary

Question 6

this type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite direction

Answer 6

transform plate boundary

Question 7

is the sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust called faults

Answer 7

earthquake

Question 8

is a crack in Earth’s crust along which rock moves

Answer 8

faults

Question 9

this sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault

Answer 9

elastic rebound

Question 10

the point of origin for an earthquake

Answer 10

focus

Question 11

the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus

Answer 11

epicenter

Question 12

who came up with the continental drift hypothesis

Answer 12

Alfredo Wegener

Question 13

what are some evidence for the continental drift hypothesis?

Answer 13

1. the continents matched up like puzzle pieces
2. mountain ranges had the same rock type
3. fossils of big animals were found

Question 14

what was the super-continent called

Answer 14

Pangaea

Question 15

who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis

Answer 15

Harry Hess

Question 16

how did Harry Hess discover seafloor spreading

Answer 16

he used sonar

Question 17

who discovered the MOR

Answer 17

Harry Hess

Question 18

where is younger rock formed in the MOR

Answer 18

closer to the MOR

Question 19

what are the 3 plate boundaries

Answer 19

divergent plate boundary
convergent plate boundary
transform plate boundary

Question 20

how do convergent plate boundaries move

Answer 20

they collide together

Question 21

subduction only happens with which type of plate boundary

Answer 21

convergent

Question 22

what types of crust do we have

Answer 22

continental crust

oceanic crust

Question 23

what type of crust has to be present for volcanic activity

Answer 23

oceanic crust

Question 24

if two continental plates collide what will occur

Answer 24

a mountain will form

Question 25

if oceanic and continental crust converge what will form

Answer 25

a deep sea trench or volcanoes

Question 26

what can be created when two oceanic plates come together

Answer 26

an volcanic island and deep sea trench

Question 27

what do hot spots create

Answer 27

volcanic islands

Question 28

how do divergent boundaries move

Answer 28

they move away from each other

Question 29

what are examples of a divergent plate boundaries

Answer 29

MOR(only oceanic crust) and East African Rift(only continental crust)

Question 30

how do transform plate boundaries move

Answer 30

they move past each other

Question 31

what is an example of a transform plate boundaries

Answer 31

San Andreas Fault

Question 32

what types of crust are involved with transform plate boundaries

Answer 32

only continental

Question 33

what is a convection current

Answer 33

1. Magma heats up, become less dense,and rises | 2. Magma cools, becomes more dense, and sinks

Question 34

what is a fault

Answer 34

a crack in earth's surface

Question 35

which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes

Answer 35

divergent and transform plate boundaries

Question 36

which plate boundary has deeper earthquakes

Answer 36

convergent plate boundary

Question 37

what are the four types of stress applied to rock

Answer 37

compression, tension, shear, and torsion stress

Question 38

what are the two types of deformation

Answer 38

elastic and plastic deformation

Question 39

what happens during plastic deformation

Answer 39

when the stress is removed it returns to it original shape

Question 40

what happens to during plastic deformation

Answer 40

when stress is removed it remains in that new shape

Question 41

what are the two types of body waves

Answer 41

primary waves, and secondary waves

Question 42

how many seismic waves are there

Answer 42

three types: Primary, Secondary, Surface waves

Question 43

what type of wave is a primary wave

Answer 43

a compression wave

Question 44

which body wave moves the fastest

Answer 44

primary waves

Question 45

what type of materials do P-waves travel through

Answer 45

solids and liquids

Question 46

what type of wave is a secondary wave

Answer 46

transverse

Question 47

what type of materials do S-waves travel through

Answer 47

only solids

Question 48

what type of wave does the most damage

Answer 48

surface waves

Question 49

what are the two scales to measure scales

Answer 49

Richter scale, Mercalli scale

Question 50

what does the Richter scale measure

Answer 50

the amount of energy released

Question 51

what does the Mercalli scale measure

Answer 51

the amount of damage

Question 52

is the measure of a fluids resistance to flow

Answer 52

viscosity

Question 53

is the chemical compound silicon dioxide,SiO2, which is a common ingredient in most magma

Answer 53

silica

Question 54

tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range , and have short eruption cycles

Answer 54

cinder cone volcanoes

Question 55

are broad, flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

Answer 55

shield volcanoes

Question 56

are large and steep sided, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base and composed if layers of both lava lava and ash

Answer 56

composite volcanoes

Question 57

what is molten, or liquid, rocks stored inside earth called

Answer 57

magma

Question 58

where is the ring of fire located

Answer 58

the Pacific Ocean

Question 59

what forms when tectonic plates collide along a subduction zones

Answer 59

volcanoes

Question 60

which two specific locations can volcanic activity occur due to divergences

Answer 60

Mid Atlantic Ridge and East African RIft Valley

Question 61

are hot spots stationary

Answer 61

yes, they are in a set location

Question 62

what are created from hot spots

Answer 62

volcanic islands (Hawaii)

Question 63

if a liquid has a higher viscosity is it going to run faster or slower

Answer 63

slower

Question 64

do magma that have higher viscosity does it have more or less silica

Answer 64

more the higher the viscosity the more silica and less silica the less viscosity

Question 65

what is pyroclastic material

Answer 65

the solid material from a volcano

Question 66

what is the smallest ptroclastic material

Answer 66

ash

Question 67

what are the largest types of pyroclastic material

Answer 67

blocks and bombs

Question 68

what are the types of gasses that come from a volcano

Answer 68

water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide

Question 69

how are volcanoes classified

Answer 69

size, shape,and the materials that erupt

Question 70

what are the 3 types of volcanoes

Answer 70

shield, composite and cinder cone