CH 27

Question 1

is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of material on Earths surface.

Answer 1

weathering

Question 2

is a mixture of weathered rock,organic matter,water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

Answer 2

soil

Question 3

is the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

Answer 3

erosion

Question 4

as rocks weather, erosional agents like water,ice,wind,and gravity moved eroded materials from one place to another in a process

Answer 4

sediment transport

Question 5

the land area that gathers water for a major river

Answer 5

drainage basin

Question 6

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline

Answer 6

long shore current

Question 7

when the erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load process

Answer 7

deposition

Question 8

what is weathering

Answer 8

the break down of materials on earths surface

Question 9

do rocks weather at the same rate

Answer 9

rock formation weather at different rates(rock type or landscape)

Question 10

what are the two main factors that determine how fast rock will weather

Answer 10

rock type and landscape

Question 11

what are the two types of weathering

Answer 11

mechanical and chemical weathering

Question 12

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

Answer 12

physical changes

Question 13

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

Answer 13

chemical changes

Question 14

what are 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

Answer 14

frost wedging, biological activity, collisions

Question 15

what causes frost wedging

Answer 15

when water collects in the cracks of rocks and freezes

Question 16

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

Answer 16

freeze thaw cycles

Question 17

what causes biological activity

Answer 17

plant and animal activity

Question 18

what causes weathering during collisions

Answer 18

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

Question 19

what is soil

Answer 19

is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable if supporting life

Question 20

what is parent material

Answer 20

material which soil forms from

Question 21

what are soil horizons

Answer 21

are the different layers of soil

Question 22

how many soil horizons are there

Answer 22

6 different horizons

Question 23

(true/false)all soils contain every soil horizons

Answer 23

false

Question 24

what are the specific soil horizons

Answer 24

O, A, E, B, C, R

Question 25

what does the first soil horizons contain

Answer 25

organic material

Question 26

what is the second horizon mostly made up of

Answer 26

mostly minerals

Question 27

which layer does leaching occur

Answer 27

E horizon

Question 28

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

Answer 28

B horizon

Question 29

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

Answer 29

C horizon

Question 30

which layer is unweathered bedrock

Answer 30

R horizon

Question 31

which soil horizons make up the top soil

Answer 31

A and O horizons

Question 32

which soil horizons make up the sub soil

Answer 32

E and B horizons

Question 33

which horizons make up the true soil

Answer 33

O, A, E, B horizons

Question 34

what is the difference between weathering and erosion

Answer 34

weathering the breakdown of materials | erosion is the removal of material

Question 35

(true/false)as the slope of a river decreases, the rivers speed decreases

Answer 35

true

Question 36

what are small streams that flow into larger rivers called

Answer 36

tributaries

Question 37

what is a land area that gathers water for a major river is called

Answer 37

drainage basin

Question 38

what is a boundary that separates distinct drainage basins is called a

Answer 38

drainage divide

Question 39

as water flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earths surface creating what

Answer 39

channels

Question 40

young rivers are ___ due to fast movement

Answer 40

V-Shaped

Question 41

____rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes

Answer 41

mature

Question 42

when rivers flood and drop their sediment load what is that land form called

Answer 42

floodplains

Question 43

what are fan shaped sediment deposit that will form at the mouth of the river

Answer 43

deltas

Question 44

what are the branching channels created by deltas

Answer 44

tributaries

Question 45

what is it called where a mouth of a river or a stream enters a dry land

Answer 45

alluvial fans

Question 46

what are the two types of glaciers

Answer 46

valley,and continental glaciers

Question 47

where can each glaciers be found

Answer 47

valley: high mountainous regions continental: ice sheets that occupy large land areas in colder climates

Question 48

where are the two continental glaciers

Answer 48

Greenland, Antarctica

Question 49

what is a cirque

Answer 49

bowl shaped basins

Question 50

what is an Arete

Answer 50

form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridge line

Question 51

what is a horn

Answer 51

sharpened peaks

Question 52

what do tributary glaciers create

Answer 52

hanging vallies

Question 53

what are tributary glaciers

Answer 53

small glaciers that feed into large glaciers

Question 54

what shape of valleys do valley glaciers create

Answer 54

U shape valleys 9098

Question 55

which side of a dune does erosion occur

Answer 55

the windward side

Question 56

which side does deposition occur

Answer 56

the leeward side

Question 57

what is deflation

Answer 57

the removal of small particles by wind, leaving heavier particles behind

Question 58

what is desert pavement

Answer 58

when small particles are removed, the remaining surface

Question 59

what does the shape and size of land forms depend on due to wind

Answer 59

wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply

Question 60

what are three land forms created by erosion

Answer 60

sea stacks, sea arches , coastal cliffs

Question 60

what are three land forms created by erosion

Answer 60

sea stacks, sea arches , coastal cliffs

Question 61

what are two examples of wave deposition

Answer 61

sand bars, sand spits

Question 62

what is a sand bar

Answer 62

land forms that are parallel to the shoreline

Question 63

what is a sand spit

Answer 63

sand bars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in a hook shape

Question 64

what is mass wasting caused by

Answer 64

snow, heavy rains, earthquakes, and human activity

Question 65

what are some examples of mass wasting

Answer 65

rock slides, mud flows, landslides