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Physical Science > CH 25 and CH 26 > Flashcards

CH 25 and CH 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

a system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

A

mid-range ridge

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2
Q

a long narrow depression forms in between peaks along mid-range ocean ridge

A

rift valley

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3
Q

the boundary where two plates collide

A

convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

when a thick and boundary continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate the denser plate dives beneath the continent in a process

A

subduction

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5
Q

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart

A

divergent plate boundary

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6
Q

this type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

A

transform plate boundary

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7
Q

a sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earths crust called faults

A

earthquake

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8
Q

a crack in Earths crust along which rock has moved

A

fault

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9
Q

this sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a faults

A

elastic rebound

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10
Q

the point of origin of an earthquake

A

focus

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11
Q

the point on Earths surface directly above the focus

A

epicenter

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12
Q

who came up the Continental drift hypothesis

A

Alfredo Wegener

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13
Q

what are some evidence for the Continental drift hypothesis

A
  1. the continents matched up like a puzzle piece
  2. Mountain ranges with the same rock type
  3. found large animals fossils
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14
Q

what was the name of the super Continental

A

Pangaea pangaea

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15
Q

who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

how did Harry Hess discover the seafloor spreading

A

He used sonar

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17
Q

who discovered the MOR

A

Harry Hess

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18
Q

on the ocean floor where is the newer rock formed

A

closer to the MOR

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19
Q

what are the 3 plate boundaries

A
  1. Divergent plate boundary
  2. Convergent plate boundary
  3. Transform plate boundary
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20
Q

how do convergent plates move`

A

they collide together

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21
Q

subduction only happens with what type of plate boundary

A

convergent plate boundary

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22
Q

what types of crust do we have?

A

Continental crust and Oceanic crust

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23
Q

what type of crust has to be present for volcanic activity to occur

A

oceanic crust

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24
Q

if two Continental crust collide what will happen

A

a mountain will be made

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25
if oceanic and continental crusts converge what two land forms will be created
deep sea trench and volcanoes
26
what can be created when two oceanic crusts converge
a oceanic island and maybe deep sea trench
27
what do hot spots create
volcanic islands
28
how do divergent boundaries move
they move away from each other
29
what is an example of a divergent plate boundary
MOR(only oceanic crust) and East African Rift(only continental)
30
how do transform plate boundaries move
they slide past each other
31
what is an example of a transform plate boundary
San Andres fault
32
what type of crusts are involved with transform plate boundaries
only continential
33
what is a convection current
1. magma heats up,becomes less dense, and rises | 2. magma cools, becomes more dense, and sinks
34
what is a fault
a crack in earth surface
35
which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes
divergent and transform plate boundaries
36
which plate boundaries have deeper earthquake
convergent plate boundary
37
what are the four types of stress applied to rock
compression, tension, shear, and torsion stress
38
what are the two types of deformation
elastic and plastic deformation
39
what happens during elastic deformation
when the stress is removed it returns to its original state
40
what happens during plastic deformation
when stress is removed it remains in that new shape
41
how many type of seismic waves are there
3 types primary, secondary, and surface waves
42
what are the two types of body waves
primary and secondary waves
43
what type of wave is a primary wave
a compression wave
44
which body wave moves the fastest
primary wave
45
what type of materials do p waves travel through
solids and liquids
46
what type wave is a secondary wave
transverses
47
what type of material do secondary waves travel through
only solids
48
what type of waves do the most damage
surface waves
49
what are the two scales to measure earthquakes
Richter scale and the Mercalli scale
50
what does the Richter scale measure
the amount of energy released
51
what does the Mercalli scale measure
the amount of damage
52
a mineral is , , ,
natural occurring, inorganic solid, crystalline form
53
what are the 2 abundant elements that make up earths crust?
oxygen and silicon
54
what does inorganic mean?
materials that are non living
55
what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?
breaks,how hard it is, and kind of crystal shape
56
what are all the ways to identify minerals?
luster, streak, hardness, crystal shape, fracture, cleavage, atomic arrangement
57
what are the two types of luster?
metallic and nonmetallic
58
how does metallic luster reflect light?
very easily like a metal surface
59
how does nonmetallic luster reflect light?
glassy look doesn't reflect easily
60
how do you perform a streak test?
rub a mineral on an unglazed porcelain tile
61
what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
cleavage and fracture
62
what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
Mohs Scale of Hardness
63
what is the number range on Mohs scale of hardness?
1-10
64
how many different crystal shapes are there?
6
65
minerals grow from the_______
inside out
66
what are the three ways minerals can form?
hot water, molten rock and evaporation
67
what are the 2 mineral groups?
silicates and nonsilicates
68
which mineral group is the most abundant in Earths crust?
silicate minerals
69
what elements are silicates made of?
silicon and oxygen
70
Nonsilicates do not contain what element?
silicon
71
what mineral is used to make glass?
quarts

Physical Science (7 decks)

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