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Physical Science > CH 25 and CH 26 > Flashcards

CH 25 and CH 26 Flashcards

1
Q

a system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

A

mid-range ridge

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2
Q

a long narrow depression forms in between peaks along mid-range ocean ridge

A

rift valley

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3
Q

the boundary where two plates collide

A

convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

when a thick and boundary continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate the denser plate dives beneath the continent in a process

A

subduction

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5
Q

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart

A

divergent plate boundary

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6
Q

this type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

A

transform plate boundary

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7
Q

a sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earths crust called faults

A

earthquake

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8
Q

a crack in Earths crust along which rock has moved

A

fault

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9
Q

this sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a faults

A

elastic rebound

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10
Q

the point of origin of an earthquake

A

focus

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11
Q

the point on Earths surface directly above the focus

A

epicenter

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12
Q

who came up the Continental drift hypothesis

A

Alfredo Wegener

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13
Q

what are some evidence for the Continental drift hypothesis

A
  1. the continents matched up like a puzzle piece
  2. Mountain ranges with the same rock type
  3. found large animals fossils
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14
Q

what was the name of the super Continental

A

Pangaea pangaea

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15
Q

who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

how did Harry Hess discover the seafloor spreading

A

He used sonar

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17
Q

who discovered the MOR

A

Harry Hess

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18
Q

on the ocean floor where is the newer rock formed

A

closer to the MOR

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19
Q

what are the 3 plate boundaries

A
  1. Divergent plate boundary
  2. Convergent plate boundary
  3. Transform plate boundary
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20
Q

how do convergent plates move`

A

they collide together

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21
Q

subduction only happens with what type of plate boundary

A

convergent plate boundary

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22
Q

what types of crust do we have?

A

Continental crust and Oceanic crust

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23
Q

what type of crust has to be present for volcanic activity to occur

A

oceanic crust

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24
Q

if two Continental crust collide what will happen

A

a mountain will be made

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25
Q

if oceanic and continental crusts converge what two land forms will be created

A

deep sea trench and volcanoes

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26
Q

what can be created when two oceanic crusts converge

A

a oceanic island and maybe deep sea trench

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27
Q

what do hot spots create

A

volcanic islands

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28
Q

how do divergent boundaries move

A

they move away from each other

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29
Q

what is an example of a divergent plate boundary

A

MOR(only oceanic crust) and East African Rift(only continental)

30
Q

how do transform plate boundaries move

A

they slide past each other

31
Q

what is an example of a transform plate boundary

A

San Andres fault

32
Q

what type of crusts are involved with transform plate boundaries

A

only continential

33
Q

what is a convection current

A
  1. magma heats up,becomes less dense, and rises

2. magma cools, becomes more dense, and sinks

34
Q

what is a fault

A

a crack in earth surface

35
Q

which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes

A

divergent and transform plate boundaries

36
Q

which plate boundaries have deeper earthquake

A

convergent plate boundary

37
Q

what are the four types of stress applied to rock

A

compression, tension, shear, and torsion stress

38
Q

what are the two types of deformation

A

elastic and plastic deformation

39
Q

what happens during elastic deformation

A

when the stress is removed it returns to its original state

40
Q

what happens during plastic deformation

A

when stress is removed it remains in that new shape

41
Q

how many type of seismic waves are there

A

3 types primary, secondary, and surface waves

42
Q

what are the two types of body waves

A

primary and secondary waves

43
Q

what type of wave is a primary wave

A

a compression wave

44
Q

which body wave moves the fastest

A

primary wave

45
Q

what type of materials do p waves travel through

A

solids and liquids

46
Q

what type wave is a secondary wave

A

transverses

47
Q

what type of material do secondary waves travel through

A

only solids

48
Q

what type of waves do the most damage

A

surface waves

49
Q

what are the two scales to measure earthquakes

A

Richter scale and the Mercalli scale

50
Q

what does the Richter scale measure

A

the amount of energy released

51
Q

what does the Mercalli scale measure

A

the amount of damage

52
Q

a mineral is , , ,

A

natural occurring, inorganic solid, crystalline form

53
Q

what are the 2 abundant elements that make up earths crust?

A

oxygen and silicon

54
Q

what does inorganic mean?

A

materials that are non living

55
Q

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

A

breaks,how hard it is, and kind of crystal shape

56
Q

what are all the ways to identify minerals?

A

luster, streak, hardness, crystal shape, fracture, cleavage, atomic arrangement

57
Q

what are the two types of luster?

A

metallic and nonmetallic

58
Q

how does metallic luster reflect light?

A

very easily like a metal surface

59
Q

how does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

A

glassy look doesn’t reflect easily

60
Q

how do you perform a streak test?

A

rub a mineral on an unglazed porcelain tile

61
Q

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

cleavage and fracture

62
Q

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

Mohs Scale of Hardness

63
Q

what is the number range on Mohs scale of hardness?

A

1-10

64
Q

how many different crystal shapes are there?

A

6

65
Q

minerals grow from the_______

A

inside out

66
Q

what are the three ways minerals can form?

A

hot water, molten rock and evaporation

67
Q

what are the 2 mineral groups?

A

silicates and nonsilicates

68
Q

which mineral group is the most abundant in Earths crust?

A

silicate minerals

69
Q

what elements are silicates made of?

A

silicon and oxygen

70
Q

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

A

silicon

71
Q

what mineral is used to make glass?

A

quarts

Physical Science (7 decks)

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