🤓not chapter 26🤓

Question 1

the process that that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface

Answer 1

weathering

Question 2

a mixture of weathered rock organic matter water and air that is capable of supporting plant life

Answer 2

soil

Question 3

is the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

Answer 3

erosion

Question 4

as rocks weather erosion agents like water ice wind and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another in a process

Answer 4

sediment transport

Question 5

when the erosion agent slows down or melts it drops this sediment load in a process

Answer 5

deposition

Question 6

the land area that gathers water for a major river is called a rivers

Answer 6

drainage basin

Question 7

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called a

Answer 7

long shore current

Question 8

what is weathering

Answer 8

break down of materials on earths surface

Question 9

do rocks weather at the same time?

Answer 9

no, rocks weather at different rates

Question 10

what are the 2 main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

Answer 10

rock type and landscape

Question 11

what are the 2 types of weathering

Answer 11

mechanical and chemical weathering

Question 12

what type of changes happen with mechanical weathering

Answer 12

physical changes

Question 13

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

Answer 13

chemical changes

Question 14

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

Answer 14

frost wedging biological activity and collisions

Question 15

what causes frost wedging

Answer 15

when water collects in the cracks of a rock and then freezes

Question 16

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

Answer 16

freeze thaw cycles

Question 17

what causes biological activity

Answer 17

plant and animal activity

Question 18

what causes weathering during collisions

Answer 18

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

Question 19

what is soil

Answer 19

is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air

Question 20

what is parent material

Answer 20

material which soil forms from

Question 21

what are soil horizons

Answer 21

the different layers of soil

Question 22

how many soil horizons are there

Answer 22

6 different soil horizons

Question 23

true or false? all soils contain every soil horizon

Answer 23

false

Question 24

what are the specific soil horizons

Answer 24

O. A. E. B. C. R.

Question 25

what does the first soil horizon contain

Answer 25

organic material

Question 26

what is the second horizon mostly made up of?

Answer 26

mostly minerals

Question 27

which layer does leaching occur

Answer 27

horizon E

Question 28

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

Answer 28

horizon B

Question 29

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

Answer 29

horizon C

Question 30

which layer is unweathered bedrock

Answer 30

horizon R

Question 31

which soil horizons make up the top soil

Answer 31

O and A horizons

Question 32

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

Answer 32

E & B horizons

Question 33

which horizons make up the true soil

Answer 33

O. A. E. B. horizons

Question 34

what is difference weathering and erosion

Answer 34

weathering is the break down of material | erosion is the removal of surface material

Question 35

True or False: as the slope of a river decreases the rivers speed also decreases

Answer 35

True

Question 36

small streams that flow into larger rivers are called

Answer 36

tributaries

Question 37

land area that gathers water for a major river is called a

Answer 37

drainage basin

Question 38

a boundary that separates distinct drainage basins is called a

Answer 38

drainage

Question 39

as water flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earths surface creating

Answer 39

channels

Question 40

young rivers are ______ due to the fast movements

Answer 40

V shaped

Question 41

_____ rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes.

Answer 41

mature

Question 42

when rivers flood and drop there sediment loads drop what is the land form called

Answer 42

flood plains

Question 43

What are fan shaped sediment deposits that will form at the mouth of the river

Answer 43

deltas

Question 44

what are the branching channels created by deltas called

Answer 44

distributaries

Question 45

what is it called where a mouth of a river or stream enters dry land

Answer 45

alluvial fans

Question 46

what are the two types of glaciers

Answer 46

valley and continental glaciers

Question 47

where can each glacier be found?

Answer 47

``` Valley= high mountainous regions continental= in Greenland and Antarctica ```

Question 48

what is a cirque

Answer 48

bowl shaped basins

Question 49

what is an arete

Answer 49

2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridge-line

Question 50

what is a horn?

Answer 50

sharpened peaks

Question 51

what do tributary glaciers create

Answer 51

hanging valley

Question 52

what are tributary glaciers

Answer 52

small glaciers that feed into large glaciers

Question 53

what shape of valleys do valley glaciers create

Answer 53

U shaped

Question 54

which side of a dune does erosion occur

Answer 54

windward side

Question 55

which side does deposition occur

Answer 55

leeward side

Question 56

what is deflation

Answer 56

the removal of small particles by wind leaving heavier particles behind

Question 57

what is desert pavement

Answer 57

when small particles are removed the remaining surface

Question 58

what does the shape and size of land forms depend on due to wind

Answer 58

wind speed amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply

Question 59

what are three land forms created by erosion

Answer 59

coastal cliffs sea arches sea stacks

Question 60

what are 2 examples of wave deposition

Answer 60

sand bars | sand spits

Question 61

what is a sandbar k

Answer 61

landforms that are parallel to the shoreline

Question 62

what is a sand spit

Answer 62

sandbars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in a hook shape

Question 63

what is mass wasting caused by

Answer 63

snow rain earthquakes or human activity

Question 64

what are some examples of mass wasting

Answer 64

rock slides mud flows landslides

Question 65

absolute dating

Answer 65

the process of assigning an exact numerical age of an organism

Question 66

relative dating

Answer 66

is the process of placing objects or events in their proper order in time

Question 67

uniformitarianism

Answer 67

which states that the laws of nature operate today as they have in the past

Question 68

principle of superposition

Answer 68

states that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks will be at the top and the oldest rocks at the bottom

Question 69

unconformities

Answer 69

gaps in the rocks record during which either erosion occurred or deposition was absent

Question 70

fossils

Answer 70

the remains or traces of organism found in the geologic rock record

Question 71

infiltration

Answer 71

process by which water enters earth and becomes ground water below the surface

Question 72

water table

Answer 72

the upper boundary of saturated zone

Question 73

aquifer

Answer 73

a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space ]'

Question 74

porosity

Answer 74

the materials percentage of the materials total volume that is pore space

Question 75

what percentage of water on earth is salt

Answer 75

97%

Question 76

what percentage of water on Earth is freshwter

Answer 76

3%

Question 77

where is the majority of fresh water found

Answer 77

in glaciers

Question 78

where is the smaller percentage of fresh water found

Answer 78

lakes, rivers, and ground water

Question 79

what is precipitation 😹

Answer 79

when water vapor in the air cools and condenses to form liquid water or ice crystals😈

Question 80

what is runoff

Answer 80

water running off the land surface 👽

Question 81

what is infiltration

Answer 81

the process by which water enters earth and becomes ground water below the surface

Question 82

what is transpiration ♿

Answer 82

when plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves

Question 83

what is evaporation ⚧

Answer 83

when water enters the atmosphere as water vapor

Question 84

what is condensation 🤯

Answer 84

when water vapor collides with other water vapor molecules to form water droplets

Question 85

what is the water cycle

Answer 85

where fresh water moves from the land to the atmosphere and then back to the land

Question 86

what is an unsaturated zone for ground water storage

Answer 86

is a porous area where water easily passes through

Question 87

``` what 👺 is a saturated zone for groundwater storage ```

Answer 87

beneath the unsaturated zone where water completely fills the pore space

Question 88

what is a water table

Answer 88

the upper boundary of the saturated zone

Question 89

what does it mean if sediment is permeable

Answer 89

the more permeable the material is the easier water can infiltrate though the ground

Question 90

what is an aquifers

Answer 90

a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space

Question 91

what is the name of the great plains aquifer

Answer 91

Ogallala Aquifer

Question 92

how many states does the great plains aquifer run through

Answer 92

8 states

Question 93

what are the names of the states that the great plains aquifer runs through

Answer 93

South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas

Question 94

what is an aquitard ⚧

Answer 94

a layer that doesn't allow water to pass through it

Question 95

how are water springs formed

Answer 95

where water table naturally meets the earths surface

Question 96

what is an artesian well

Answer 96

where we drill into a pressurized aquifer

Question 97

what is a cone of depression

Answer 97

its where water flows in a direction down toward a well creating the cone shape

Question 98

absolute dating