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Physical Science > chapter twenty-eight🤓 anddd shapter twenty-nine > Flashcards

chapter twenty-eight🤓 anddd shapter twenty-nine Flashcards

1
Q

a layer extending an average of 12km above earths surface

A

troposphere

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2
Q

occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

a nature process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

greenhouse effect

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4
Q

how are the atmospheric layers are divided

A

composition and temperature

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5
Q

what is the majority of the troposphere made up of

A

78% nitrogen 😡

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6
Q

what is the second biggest gas that makes up the air in the troposphere

A

21% oxygen

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7
Q

what is the remaining 1% of gases in the troposphere

A

trace gases, a majority of it is argon

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8
Q

what layer does weather take place🤯

A

in the troposphere

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9
Q

does the temperature increase or decrease the higher the altitude?

A

decrease

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10
Q

how many layers are there in the earths atmosphere

A

sinco

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11
Q

what are the names of the atmosphere layers starting from the closest to the earths surface to the furthest 🤏🏽

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere ✍🏿

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12
Q

which layer is the ozone layer located in

A

stratosphere 💀

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13
Q

does the temperature increase or decrease in the stratosphere😁

A

increase

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14
Q

within the mesosphere does the temperature increase or decrease?

A

decreases

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15
Q

do the last two layers of the atmosphere affect weather

A
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16
Q

100% of solar radiation comes from the

A

sun ☀

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16
Q

what percent of solar radiation is absorbed by earths surface

A

50% 🍳

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16
Q

what percent of solar radiation gets reflected off of earths surface

A

5%

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17
Q

what percent of radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere

A

20%

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18
Q

🙀 what percent of solar radiation is reflected off the clouds and the particles in the atmosphere

A

25% 🕴

     🕳
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19
Q

what are the three basic could types

A

cumulus, stratus, cirrus 🌩

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20
Q

explain what a stratus cloud looks like☁

A

layered sheet like clouds associated with rain 🌧

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21
Q

explain what a cumulus could looks like

A

puffy and cause fair weather ☁

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22
Q

explain what a cirrus cloud looks like

A

wispy, at a high altitude

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23
Q

what is it called where water gets taken from the land gets taken to the atmosphere and falls back to the land

A

water cycle

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24
Q

what are the stages of the water cycle

A

evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration

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25
Q

a narrow band of fast moving high altitude air

A

jet stream

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26
Q

the apparent deflection of an object due to earths rotation

A

Coriolis effect

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27
Q

a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout

A

air mass

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28
Q

air masses interact in zones

A

weather fronts 🤓

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29
Q

is there only one jet stream in the world

A

no, there are 4

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30
Q

how many pressure systems are there

A

2, low pressure system, high pressure system

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31
Q

what is the low pressure system known as?

A

Low (L)

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32
Q

which way does the air flow in a low pressure system

A

counterclockwise

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33
Q

what is the result of a low pressure system

A

air rises and forms clouds and could cause precipitation

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34
Q

what is a high pressure system known as

A

a High (H)

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35
Q

which direction does a high pressure system flow

A

clock wise

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36
Q

what are some results of a high pressure system

A

causes the air to sink which results in clear skies

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37
Q

🤯what are the 4 weather fronts 🥱

A

cold front warm front stationary front and occluded front

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38
Q

🤯what are the 4 weather fronts 🥱

A

cold front warm front stationary front and occluded front

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39
Q

what happens during a cold front

A

forces warm air up causing cumulus clouds to form

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40
Q

what is a cold front represented by on the news

A

a blue triangle

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41
Q

what happens during warm front

A

warm air rises gently above cold air, forms stratus type clouds or fog, can create steady rainfall

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42
Q

what would a warm front be represented as on the news

A

red semi circles

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43
Q

what happens during a stationary front

A

cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances, cam last for days

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44
Q

what is a stationary front represented by on the news

A

alternating red half circles and blue triangles from bottom and top

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45
Q

what happens during a occluded front

A

a fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front, thunderstorms and strong winds often occur

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46
Q

what is an occluded front represented by on the news

A

alternating purple triangles and half circles on the top

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47
Q

a climate that is strongly affected by an ocean

A

maritime climate

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48
Q

a climate that is not directly affected by an ocean

A

continental climate

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49
Q

blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon when the land is warmer than the water

A

sea breeze

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50
Q

what is climate

A

long term average of weather conditions

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51
Q

what is weather

A

day to day outside conditions

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52
Q

what are the 5 spheres that make up the earths system

A

atmosphere, biosphere,lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere,

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53
Q

what is the atmosphere

A

includes the air around us

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54
Q

what is the biosphere

A

everything that is organic

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55
Q

what is the hydrosphere

A

liquid water

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56
Q

what is the cryosphere

A

frozen water, snow, ice, and glaciers

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57
Q

what is the lithosphere

A

Earth’s outermost layer

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58
Q

what is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location

A

latitude

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59
Q

where is the greatest amount of solar radiation received on earth

A

at the equator

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60
Q

at a tropical zones what degrees do the sun rays hit earth

A

90 degreez

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61
Q

at a temperate zone what degrees do the sun rays hit earths surface in the temperate zones

A

45 degreez

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62
Q

at a polar zones what degrees do the suns rays hit the earths surface

A

30 degreez

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63
Q

which zone do we fall into

A

temperate zone

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64
Q

what other factors determine climate

A

precipitation mountains and water

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65
Q

what are some specifics on the windward side of a mountain range

A

wet and lots of vegetation

66
Q

what is the air like and what does the vegetation look like

A

little to not vegetation and dry air

67
Q

what is land breeze

A

air coming from land blowing got the water

68
Q

what climate zone is Lamar in and what is the vegetation like

A

warm and grassland

69
Q

an increase in the average temperatures of earths near surface air and oceans

A

global warming

70
Q

the warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years

A

el nino

71
Q

which occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder then normal

A

L nina

72
Q

what are the two changes that earths climate undergoes

A

seasonal and long term

73
Q

how do seasonal changes occur

A

as earth revolves around the sun

74
Q

which hemisphere experiences summer

A

the one that is tilted toward the sun

75
Q

what was the period called when earths surface was covered by a sheet of ice

A

Ice age

76
Q

how long ago did the world climate reach its current pattern

A
77
Q

what are the changes related to earths orbit

A

timing of season axis and shape of the orbit

78
Q

🦿how do humans impact climate

A

energy consumption deforestation industrial practices and agricultural practices

79
Q

what is deforestation

A

clearing a large area of forestland

80
Q

how does deforestation impact climate change

A

trees absorb the CO2

81
Q

what are the two ways that the carbon cycle is affected

A

deforestation and loss of vegetation

82
Q

round- three dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions

A

sphere

83
Q

an elongated closed curve with two foci

A

ellipse

84
Q

is earth a perfect sphere

A

nah the width is bigger than the height

85
Q

what are some ancient observations to prove earth is a sphere

A

if you drop an object from anywhere it will always drop straight down
shadow of earth will always have a curved shaped during a lunar eclipse
everybody does not see the exact same stars, we all see different stars

86
Q

what are two factors that affect gravitational strength

A

mass and distance

87
Q

witch diameter of earth, pull to pull or diameter of the equator longer

A

diameter of the equator

88
Q

💀what does the magnetic protect earth from 💀

A

harmful radiation, solar flares,

89
Q

the south magnetic pole is located in the witch hemisphere?????

A

north hemisphere

90
Q

what degree is earths axis tiltied at

A

11.7🌡

91
Q

do the magnetic poles reverse☠

A

yes they do

92
Q

what is a large scale reversals called

A

magnetic reversals

93
Q

how often do magnetic reversals occur

A

every 200,000 thousand year

94
Q

when was the last magnetic reversal

A

780.000 years ago

95
Q

what is the part of the magnetic field that deflects harmful radiation from the sun

A

magneto sphere

96
Q

what is the northern lights and the southern lights called

A

northern lights are called the aurora Boreas and southern lights are aurora australis

97
Q

How are the auroras created

A

electricity charged particles collides with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

98
Q

what month is the sun closest to the earth

A

January about 147-million kilometres away

99
Q

during which month are we farthest away from the sun

A

July 152-million kilometres always

100
Q

an area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

A

time zone

101
Q

spinning of Earth on its axis

A

rotation

102
Q

the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun m

A

Revolution

103
Q

defined as the plan of Earths orbit around the sun

A

ecliptic

104
Q

occurs when Earths rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun

A

solstice

105
Q

Earths rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center to Earth to the center of the sun

A

equinox

106
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.

A

Babylonians

107
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from`

A

It was the symbol for the sun

108
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day

A

360 degrees

109
Q

how many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation

A

24 hours

110
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in 1 hour

A

15 degrees

111
Q

what direction does the sun rise

A

East

112
Q

what direction does the sun set

A

West

113
Q

true or false All time zones are the exact same size?

A

False they are modified to fit around cities states and country borders and other key sites

114
Q

How many time zones are there in the world

A

twenty 4

115
Q

which direction do you move to add hours to the time

A

If moving east

116
Q

which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time

A

If moving West

117
Q

How many time zone are there in the US

A

6

118
Q

What are the names of the time zones

A

Mountain time Central Time Eastern time Pacific time Alaska time and Hawaii time

119
Q

what is a solar day

A

Is the movement of the sun from noon from one day to noon the next day

120
Q

what is a sidereal day

A

look at a specific star and make a full rotation to see the same star the next day

121
Q

what are the two main reason for seasons

A

Tilt of the earth and the revolution

122
Q

which 2 season have a solstice

A
123
Q

which month is the summer solstice

A
124
Q

which month is the winter solstice

A
125
Q

which two season are equinoxes

A
126
Q

which month is the spring equinox

A
127
Q

Which month is the fall equinox

A
128
Q

when is the longest day of the year’

A
129
Q

when is the shortest day of the year

A
130
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night

A
131
Q

rise or fall in the ocean surfaced

A

tide

132
Q

reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth

A

moon phase

133
Q

occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and earth and casts a shadow on earth

A

solar eclipse

134
Q

occurs when earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon

A

lunar eclipse

135
Q

dark colored flat lava filled regions on the moons surface

A

maria

136
Q

a layer of dusty lunar material produced by collision between asteroids and comets and the moon

A

regolith

137
Q

how many days does it take the moon to revolve around earth

A

27.3 days

138
Q

a complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called

A

synodic month

139
Q

do we ever see the back side of the moon

A

no we never see the back side of the moon

140
Q

what causes a tide to rise or fall

A

the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon

141
Q

what is the rise of seas level called

A

high tide

142
Q

after the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop

A

about 6 hours

143
Q

which is farther from earth the sun or the moon

A

sun is further

144
Q

does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on earths tides

A

da moon

145
Q

how are the sun the earth and the moon aligned for a spring tide

A

☀ 🌎 🌗

146
Q

how are the sun the earth and the moon aligned for a neap tide

A

90 degree angle sun earth then moon

147
Q

what does the phase of the moon you see depend on

A

positions of the moon earth and the sun relative to one another

148
Q

when does a new moon occur

A

when the moon is between the earth and the sun

149
Q

how many phases of the moon are there

A

8

150
Q

what is the definition of waxing phases

A

the illuminated portion we see gets larger each night

151
Q

what is the definition of waning phases

A

the illuminated portion that we see get smaller

152
Q

what are the moon phase names

A

new moon waxing crescent 1st quarter waxing crescent full moon waxing gibbous 3rd quarter and waning crescent

153
Q

where is the word month derived from

A

same root word as moon

154
Q

how is the earth moon and sun aligned during a solar eclipse

A

sun moon then earth

155
Q

what is an umbra

A

where the total eclipse happens which is the darkest portion of the moons shadow on earth

156
Q

what is a penumbra

A

partial solar eclipse, not going to be in the dark shadow

157
Q

how is the earth moon and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse

A

moon earth sun

158
Q

how are the depressions on the moon formed

A

meteoroids asteroids and comets that strike the moons surface

159
Q

are there mountains on the moon

A

yes

160
Q

which side of the moon is thicker

A

dark side

161
Q

is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid

A

solid

162
Q

what did clementine spacecraft do

A

it confirmed the thickness of the crust

it provided information on the mineral content on moon rocks

163
Q

what did the lunar prospect do

A

took photos of the moons surface
confirmed the moon had a iron rich core
collected evidence that the presence of water and ice on the moon

164
Q

what is the giant impact theory

A

Physical Science (7 decks)

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