Ch 26 Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.
A
mineral
2
Q
the color of a minerial in powered form is called
A
streak
3
Q
when a mineral brakes along preferred planes of weakness
A
cleavage
4
Q
minerals that brake bad
A
fracture
5
Q
minerals resistance
A
hardness
6
Q
molten rock in earth
A
magma
7
Q
a mineral is
A
naturally occurring, inorganic solid, and with a crystalline form
8
Q
what are the two most abundant elements that make up Earths crust
A
oxygen,silicon
9
Q
what does inorganic mean
A
material that is nonliving
10
Q
what does the arragement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral
A
how it breaks how hard it is , and its crystal shape
11
Q
what are all the ways to identify minerals
A
cleavage, fraction, hardness, luster, streak, atomic arragement, crystal shape
12
Q
what are two types of luster
A
metallic and nonmetallic
13
Q
how does metallic luster reflect light
A
reflects light ez
14
Q
how does nonmetallic luster reflect light
A
shine like glass or apper earthly or waxy
15
Q
how do you perform a streak test
A
by rubbing a mineral on an unglazed white tile
16
Q
what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals
A
fracture and cleavlage
17
Q
what is the name of the scale to measurement the hardness of a mineral
A
mohs scale
18
Q
what is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness
A
1-10
19
Q
how many different crystal shape systems are there
A
6
20
Q
minerals grow from the
A
21
Q
what are the 3 ways mineralscan form
A
22
Q
what are the two mineral groups
A
23
Q
which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust
A
24
Q
what elements aresilicates made up of
A
silicon and oxygen
25
nonsilicates do not contain what element
sililacates
26
what minerals is used to make glass
quarts
27
define rock
A rock is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and
volcanic glass.
28
how are rocks identified
Rocks are identified by their composition and texture.
29
what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock
The texture of a rock describes the size, shape, and arrangement of the rock’s
components.
30
where do instructive igneous rocks form
Igneous rocks are those that form from molten rock material that cools and
crystallizes either underground or on Earth’s surface.
31
what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form form
Igneous rocks that form within Earth’s crust are called intrusive igneous rocks.
32
What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?
bowen¨s reaction series
33
What are the 3 types of magma?
mafic intermediate felsic
34
Which magma type has a low silica content?
mafic
35
Which magma type has a high silica content?
felsic
36
Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz? (oceanic or continental)
continental
37
Which type of crust has little to no quartz? (oceanic or continental)
oceanic
38
Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?
In intrusive igneous rocks, grain size, which means the size of individual mineral
crystals, gives you clues as to how fast magma cooled.
39
Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?
In intrusive igneous rocks
40
Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?
Magma that cools slowly, allows atoms and ions time to migrate about and form
large crystals.
41
What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock? (this answer
weekly question for Tuesday)
Extrusive igneous rocks are fine-grained as a result of rapid cooling.
42
Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?
Pumice and scoria have holey textures.
43
Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cc
rates?
Rocks with two-different sized crystals are porphyritic.
44
What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?
pumas
45
Define clasts
Rock is a consolidated mixture of minerals. Some of these minerals could be in bits and pieces of other rocks. Such small rock and mineral fragments are called clasts.
46
What types of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to?
Rock on Earth’s surface are exposed to water, wind, and other forces.
47
What does it mean if clasts are being transported?
When clasts are transported to new locations, they often become rounded before being deposited.
48
What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?
When buried by more sediment deposited above them, clasts can be smashed together with great force.
49
Define pore space
When clasts are loose on Earth’s surface, they don’t fit together perfectly. The empty space in between the grains is called pore space.
50
Define compaction
The process by which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material is called compaction.
51
Define cementation
Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts in a process called cementation.
52
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Most of the time both compaction and cementation work together to make sedimentary rock.
53
What is another name for clasts?
Detritus is another name given to clasts.
54
What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?
Sedimentary rocks that are made mostly of clasts are called detrital sedimentary rock.
55
What is the decreasing size of clasts?
In order of decreasing size, clasts are known as gravel, sand, silt, or clay.
56
Which clast size would be deposited first?
graval because its heavier
57
What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?
conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale
58
How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?
Chemical sedimentary rocks form from water that contains dissolved solids.
59
If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called.
If sedimentary rocks contain the remains of living organisms they are called biochemical sedimentary rocks.
60
What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?
Limestone and coal
61
What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?
Detrital, Chemical, and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
62
Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of
| which 3 things?
heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
63
Which types of rocks can be changed by
| metamorphism?
Any igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock can be changed by metamorphism.
64
What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks
| occur over large areas?
regional metamorphism.
65
What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks
| occur over small changes?
contact metamorphism.
66
When shale is compressed, which type of
| metamorphic rock is created?
slate
67
What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?
Foliated and Nonfoliated rocks
68
Define foliated texture
Foliated rocks have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands.
69
Define nonfoliated texture
Nonfoliated rocks have crystals with more random orientations.
70
Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on
| which two things?
texture and composition
71
Define Rock Cycle
The continual changing of rocks from one type to another is called the rock cycle.
72
Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?
sedimentary, metamorphic,and igneous rocks
73
What are the 3 types of rocks?
sedimentary, metamorphic,and igneous rocks
74
Which type of rocks form from molten rock?
igneous rocks
75
Which types of rocks are formed from clasts,
| precipitation, or compressed once living matter?
sedimentary rocks
76
Which types of rocks are formed from heat,
| pressure, and chemical reactions?
metamorphic rocks
77
What can form from hot water, evaporation, or
| molten rock?
minerals
