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physical science > Ch 27 > Flashcards

Ch 27 Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

weathering

A

weathering involves the breakdown of rock by physical or chemical processes

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2
Q

soil

A

soil is a mixture of organic matter weathered rock material,water, and air.

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3
Q

erosion

A

the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

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4
Q

sediment transport

A

erosianal agents like water ice wind and gravity

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5
Q

deposition

A

when the glaciers carve a solid rock as they move

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6
Q

drainage basin

A

the land area that gathers water for a major river is called a rivers ___

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7
Q

longshore current

A

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called a ______

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8
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

A

no

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9
Q

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will
weather?

A

rock type

landscape

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10
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

mechanical weathering

chemical weathering

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11
Q

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

A

physical changes

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12
Q

What type of change happens with chemical weathering?

A

chemical changes

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13
Q

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering?

A

frost wedging, biological activity ,and collisions.

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14
Q

What causes frost wedging?

A

frost wedging occurs when water collects in the cracks of a rock and then freezes

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15
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

A
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16
Q

What causes biological activity?

A

plants and animals

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17
Q

What causes weathering during collisions?

A

rock slides

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18
Q

What is parent material?

A

where soil is formed from

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19
Q

What are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by?

A

h20, oxygen.

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20
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by

oxygen?

A

oxidation

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21
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by

water?

A

hydrolysis

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22
Q

What are soil horizons?

A

they are differnt layers of soil

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23
Q

How many soil horizons are there?

A

6

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24
Q

True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon.

A

false

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25
What are the specific soil horizons?
0 a e b c and r horizon
26
What does the first soil horizon contain?
organic material
27
What is the second horizon mostly made up of?
minerals
28
Which layer does leaching occur?
e
29
Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?
b
30
Which layer is partially weathered bedrock?
c
31
Which layer is unweathered bedrock?
r
32
which soil horizontals make up the true soil
o a e b
33
weathering vs erosian
wheathering breakdown of material on earths surface erosian removal of surface material
34
if the slopeof a river decreases what happens to the speed of the river
the river speed decreases
35
tributaries
36
drainage basin
37
drainage divide
38
channels
39
v-shaped
40
mature
41
when rivers flood and drop their sediment load, flood plains form along the valley sides
flood Plains
42
A fan shaped sediment deposit will form at the mouth of a river, here is emplies into another body of water. Distributaries are the branching channels
Deltas
43
Form where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land
Alluvial Fans
44
What are the two types of glaciers?
valley and continental glaciers?
45
Where do valley glaciers form?
in high mountainous regions
46
Where do continental glaciers form?
greenland and antarctica
47
Where are the two continental glaciers located?
greenland and antarctica
48
What is a cirque?
bowl shaped basins
49
What is an arete?
a long sharp ridgeline between a adjacent valley
50
What is a horn in a mountainous region?
sharpended peaks
51
What shape of valley do u shaped glaciers form?
u shaped glaciers
52
What are tributary glaciers?
large glasiers form glaceries
53
What type of valleys do tributary glaciers form?
hanging vallies
54
which side of a sand dune does errosian occur
the wind word
55
which side of a sand dune does deposition occur
56
what is deflation
the removal of small particals by the wind leaving heavier particals behind.
57
what is desert pavement
when the small partigals go byebye and only the pavement is left
58
what do the shape and size landforms because of wind depend on
wind speed,sediment supply, and the amount of time the wind blows
59
what are 3 landforms that are created due to wave erosion
coastal cliffs , sea stacks , and sea arches
60
what are 2 landforms created by wave definishon
sand bars and sand spits
61
whats are sand bars
parallel to the shoreline
62
what aresand spits
curves back
63
what can cause mass wasting
snow heavy rain earthquakes
64
what is mass waesting exsamplesn
rock slides mud flows landslides
65
What percentage of water on Earth is salt water?
97%
66
What percentage of water on Earth is freshwater?
3%
67
Where is the majority of freshwater found?
2% in glaciers
68
Where is the smaller percentage of freshwater found?
lakes river and underground
69
What is precipitation?
snow rain sleet and hail
70
What is infiltration?
water enters the earth and it becomes ground water
71
What is transpiration?
plants make vapor go in air
72
What is evaporation?
water goes in air as water vapor
73
What is condensation?
vapor gets with more water vapor
74
What is the water cycle?
water on land goes in air then comes back
75
What is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage?
a porous area where water easily passes through
76
What is a saturated zone for groundwater storage?
water fills up porus compleatly
77
What is a water table?
the top of zone
78
What does it mean if sediment is permeable?
thw more permable it is its easier to go through
79
What is an aquifer?
a rock unit that can thransper water though its pore space
80
What is the name of the Great Plains Aquifer?
ogallala aquifer
81
How many states does the Great Plains Aquifer run | through?
8
82
What are the names of the states that the Great | Plains Aquifer runs through?
tx nm ok ks co nb sd and wy
83
What is an aquitard?
imperaeable layer that]keeps water confined
84
How are water springs formed?
the spring is formed from water meeting Earth cast
85
What is an artesian well?
drill down into pressurized aquifers
86
What is a cone of depression?
direction the water flows down the well
87
Absolute Dating
the process of assigning an exact numerical age to an organism, an object, or event.
87
Relative Dating
the process of placing objects or events in their proper order in time.
88
Uniformitarianism
states that the laws of nature operate today as they have in the past.
89
Principle of superposition
``` states that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks will be at the top and the oldest rocks will be at the bottom. ```
90
Unconformity
gaps in the rock record during which either erosion occurred or deposition was absent
91
Fossil
the remains or traces of organisms | found in the geologic rock record

physical science (6 decks)

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