Ch 26

Question 1

What organism causes Trichomoniasis?

Answer 1

Trichomonas vaginalis

A normal inhabitant of the vagina and urethra that grows when normal acidity is disturbed.

Question 2

What are the symptoms of Trichomoniasis?

Answer 2

Irritation and a profuse, frothy, greenish yellow, foul odor discharge.

Question 3

What bacterium causes Bacterial Vaginosis?

Answer 3

Gardnerella vaginalis

A pleomorphic gram-negative rod.

Question 4

What is the difference between vaginitis and vaginosis?

Answer 4

Vaginitis involves inflammation of the vagina due to infection; vaginosis shows no signs of inflammation.

Question 5

What are the key characteristics of Bacterial Vaginosis?

Answer 5

• pH above 4.5
• Fishy odor
• Copious frothy discharge
• Clue cells present

Question 6

What organism causes Syphilis?

Answer 6

Treponema pallidum

A gram-negative spirochete that grows slowly in cell culture.

Question 7

What is the primary stage of Syphilis characterized by?

Answer 7

Chancre (ulcer) at the site of infection about 3 weeks after exposure.

Question 8

What are the symptoms of the secondary stage of Syphilis?

Answer 8

Skin and mucosal rashes, especially on palms and soles.

Question 9

What can occur during the tertiary stage of Syphilis?

Answer 9

• Gummatous syphilis: gummas on many organs
• Cardiovascular syphilis: weakens aorta
• Neurosyphilis: affects CNS; dementia

Question 10

What is congenital Syphilis?

Answer 10

Neurological damage to the fetus.

Question 11

What organism causes Gonorrhea?

Answer 11

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A gram-negative diplococcus.

Question 12

What are the symptoms of Gonorrhea in men?

Answer 12

Painful urination and discharge of pus; epididymitis.

Question 13

What complication can arise from untreated Gonorrhea?

Answer 13

It may disseminate and become systemic, leading to endocarditis, meningitis, or arthritis.

Question 14

What is Ophthalmia neonatorum?

Answer 14

Infant blindness due to a gonorrheal infection of the eyes.

Question 15

What are Genital Warts also known as?

Answer 15

Condyloma acuminata.

Question 16

What viruses cause Genital Warts?

Answer 16

Human papillomaviruses.

Question 17

Which serotypes of HPV are responsible for cervical cancer?

Answer 17

• 16
• 18

Question 18

What is the predominant microbe of the vagina?

Answer 18

Lactobacillus

Produces lactic acid and is promoted by estrogen.

Question 19

What common agents cause Cystitis?

Answer 19

• E. Coli
• Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Question 20

What are the symptoms of Cystitis?

Answer 20

Dysuria (difficult or painful urination) and pyuria.

Question 21

What is Urethritis?

Answer 21

Inflammation of the urethra.

Question 22

What is NGU?

Answer 22

Nongonococcal urethritis, inflammation of the urethra not caused by N. gonorrhoeae.

Question 23

What are common causes of NGU?

Answer 23

• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Mycoplasma genitalium
• Ureaplasma urealyticum

Question 24

What is Pyelonephritis?

Answer 24

Inflammation of one or both kidneys.

Question 25

What is the most common causative agent of Pyelonephritis?

Answer 25

E. Coli.

Question 26

What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

Answer 26

Extensive bacterial infection of female pelvic organs.

Question 27

What are the common causative agents of PID?

Answer 27

* N. gonorrhoeae * C. trachomatis

Question 28

What is Salpingitis?

Answer 28

Infection of uterine tubes, most serious form of PID.

Question 29

What is a significant risk factor for Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in women?

Answer 29

Short length of urethra and proximity to anal opening.

Question 30

What is the annual incidence of UTIs?

Answer 30

8 million UTIs annually.