Ch 26 Protist

Question 0

Homoplasy

Answer 0

multicellular and photosynthesis

Question 1

how are protists relationships determined?

Answer 1

ultrastructure(seen with electron microscopy) and comparative molecular data

Question 2

4 characteristics of Diplomonads

Answer 2

• NO Mitochondria
• No Golgi complex
• 1- 2 nuclei
• up to 8 flagella

Question 3

Diplomonads:

Trichonymphs are…

Answer 3

relatives of diplomonads that live in termites and have endosymbiotic bacteria

Question 4

Diplomonads:

Giardia inhabits…

Answer 4

anaerobic(no oxygen) large intestines of animals

Question 5

Euglenoids 3 characteristics

Answer 5

• are unicellular and flagulate
• some are photosynthetic (chloroplasts from secondary endosymbiosis)
• many are only heterotrophs which are phagocytic(cell that engulfs and absorbs bacteria and other small particles)

Question 6

3 Characteristics of Dinoflagulates

Answer 6

• Unicellular, biflagulate, and photosythetic
• major in Marine ecosystems
• have cellulose plates
• some produce toxic blooms (red tides)

Question 7

Zooxanthellae algae

Answer 7

photosynthetic algae that lives in coral

Question 8

5 characteristics of Plasmodium parasites,

Answer 8

• causes malaria
• complex lifestyle, transmitted by mosquitos
• infects liver and red blood cells
• has nonfunctional chloroplasts
• are nonmotile but can flex

Question 9

How do Ciliates (such as the Paramecium) move and reproduce

Answer 9

• move by small hairlike cilia
• has micronucleus for sexual reproduction
• has micronucleus for cell metabolism and growth
• undergoes complex sexual exchange (conjugation)

Question 10

Haploid

Answer 10

having one set of chromosomes

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

having 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 12

Water molds: their reproduction and body type

Answer 12

they have ceonocytic mycelium body (large multinucleate body)
- reproduce asexually with biflagulate Zoospores, and sexually under stressful conditions with Oospores

Question 13

Water mold: Phytophthora

Answer 13

causes blight(disease) in potato

Question 14

Diatom characteristics

Answer 14

mostly unicellular containing silica

• major producers in aquatic ecosystems
• some are part of floating plankton and some live on rocks and sediments (move by gliding)

Question 15

Brown Algae

Answer 15

multicellular and important in cooler ocean waters

Question 16

Brown Algae: Kelp 5 characteristics

Answer 16

largest brown algae

• substantial cell specialization
• leaf-like blade, stem-like stipes
• anchoring holdfasts
• gas-filled bladders for buoyancy

Question 17

Compared to plant leaves, the blades of kelp bodies would be considered what?

Answer 17

homoplasious

Question 18

Foraminiferans; how they get food/move, and main characteristic

Answer 18

amoeba cells with many chambered shells

- cytoplasmic projections extend through pores to move and get food

Question 19

How are plant relationships determined

Answer 19

by molecular data

- the presence of chloroplasts from primary endosymbiosis

Question 20

‘Plants’

Red Algae : 3 characteristics and where are they important

Answer 20

they are important in warm tropical waters and Reef building

• multicellular seaweeds
• non-motile
• some incorporate calcium bicarbonate in their cell walls

Question 21

‘Plants’ :

Green Algae: their diversity, and what do botanists hypothesize about them?

Answer 21

diversity in size, structural complexity, and reproduction

- botanists hypothesize that ancestral green algae gave rise to land plants

Question 22

Define Alternations of generations

Answer 22

life cycle in which there is a Multicellular Haploid stage And a Multicellular Diploid stage

Question 23

Amoebas:

how do they move/get food, where are they found, and a characteristic

Answer 23

use pseudopodia( cytoplasmic extensions) to move and obtain food by phagocytosis

• found in soil, fresh water, and oceans
• some are parasitic

Question 24

Amoeba:

Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 24

parasitic amoeba that causes amoebic dysentery (infection in intestines causing diarrhea)

Question 25

Plasmodial Slime Mold:

feeding stage characteristic and reproduction method

Answer 25

• feeding stage is multinucleate plasmodium (up to 1ft diameter)
• reproduction is by Haploid spores produced within Sporangia

Question 26

Cellular Slime Molds: 3 reproduction details

Answer 26

• normally act as asexual amoeboid cells
• can reproduce by aggregating into a pseudoplasmodium (slug)
• eventually form a stalked fruiting body to release spores formed through sexual or asexual reproduction

Question 27

Choanoflagellates:

2 body characteristics and what group are they in

Answer 27

• single posterior flagellum in the flagellate cells
• collar of microvilli surrounds the base of flagellum
  They are in the Opisthokont group (a clade also containing fungi and animals)