Ch. 27

Question 1

What is the cell wall in bacteria?

Answer 1

Petidoglycan

Question 2

What is the cell wall in archaea

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

What phospholipid allows archaea to exist in extreme conditions?

Answer 3

Ether-bonded phospholipids

Question 4

What are examples of high salt environments for halophiles?

Answer 4

Mangroves and mud flats

Question 5

What are examples of high acidity environments?

Answer 5

Sulfure sprins (Yellowstone)

Question 6

What are examples of high methane environments?

Answer 6

Landfills, swamps

Question 7

What are examples of high temperature environments?

Answer 7

Hydrothermal vents

Question 8

What bacteria are small, blue-green, photosynthetic, and oxygen producing, and nitrogen fixing? They can be filamentous.

Answer 8

Cyanobacteria

Question 9

What kind of bacteria are very large, gram-negative and have high metabolic diversity?

Answer 9

Proteobacteria

Question 10

Cyanobacteria gave rise to _____ in eukaryotic algae and plants

Answer 10

Plastids

Question 11

What bacteria has the essential ecological roles of producing organic carbon and fixing nitrogen?

Answer 11

Cyanobacteria

Question 12

What proteobacteria live in the soil or plant roots and breakdown nitrogen?

Answer 12

Rhizobium

Question 13

Why is a small cell size beneficial for archaea and bacteria?

Answer 13

Fast cell division

Question 14

What are the ingrowths of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for photosynthesis?

Answer 14

Thylakoids

Question 15

What structure allows organisms to orient themselves to earths magnetic field and stoop to pond floors?

Answer 15

Magnetosomes

Question 16

What cells have a spherical shape?

Answer 16

Cocci

Question 17

What cells have a rod shape?

Answer 17

Bacilli

Question 18

Which cells have a comma-shape?

Answer 18

Vibrios

Question 19

Which cells have a spiral-shaped and are flexible?

Answer 19

Spirochaetes

Question 20

Which cells have a spiral-shape and are rigid?

Answer 20

Spirilla

Question 21

What slimy mucus is produced by cells when they are in close proximity to one another or as a defense mechanism?

Answer 21

Glycocalyx

Question 22

What is an example of glycocalyx?

Answer 22

Plaque on teeth

Question 23

Are gram positive bacteria susceptible to penicillin?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What cellular component acts as an outdoor motor for bacteria and archaea?

Answer 24

Flagella

Question 25

What cellular component help bacteria and archaea creep/glide?

Answer 25

Pili

Question 26

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 26

Binary fission

Question 27

What is found in aquatic filamentous cyanobacteria, develops when winter approaches, and produces in spring?

Answer 27

Akinetes

Question 28

What is made of tough protein, can stay dormant, and is found in gram positive bacteria?

Answer 28

Endospores

Question 29

How do endospores protect themselves?

Answer 29

Secreting toxins

Question 30

How can bacteria and archaea be classified based on metabolism?

Answer 30

Nutrition Response to oxygen Presence of specialized metabolic processes

Question 31

What organisms produce all of their own organic compounds?

Answer 31

Autotrophs

Question 32

What are the two kinds of autotrophs?

Answer 32

photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs

Question 33

What organisms require intake of organic compounds to sustain life?

Answer 33

Heterotrophs

Question 34

What are the two kinds of heterotrophs?

Answer 34

photoheterotroph, chemoheterotroph

Question 35

An obligate aerobe requires _____

Answer 35

Oxygen

Question 36

An obligate anaerobe _____ tolerate oxygen

Answer 36

Cannot

Question 37

Aerotolerant anaerobes _____ use oxygen but are not poisoned by it?

Answer 37

Do not

Question 38

Facultative aerobes can ______ or ______ oxygen

Answer 38

use, not use

Question 39

What is the concept where organisms that live in close association share a relationship?

Answer 39

Symbiosis

Question 40

What are the 3 kinds of symbiosis?

Answer 40

Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

Question 41

What is an example of mutualism in squid?

Answer 41

Vibrio (bioluminescent)