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ch. 27 - 29 Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

Archaea

A

single celled microorganisms with structure similar to bacteria

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2
Q

prokaryote

A

single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other organelles

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3
Q

extremophile

A

organism that occurs primarly in extreme habitats

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4
Q

chemoautotroph

A

uses energy obtained by chemical modification of inorganic compounds to synthesize organic compounds

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5
Q

photoautotroph

A

uses light source as a source of energy for the synthesis of organic molecules from CO2 and H20

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6
Q

chemoheterotroph

A

must obtain molecules both for energy and as a carbon source

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7
Q

photoheterotroph

A

able to use light energy to generate ATP, but must take inorganic compounds from environment as a source of carbon

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8
Q

aerobe

A

“with oxygen”, any biological or chemical process that requires or occurs in the presence with oxygen

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9
Q

anaerobe

A

any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth

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10
Q

algae

A

protists that are generally photoautotrophic

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11
Q

phytoplankton

A

microscopic photosynthetic protists that float in water or actively move through it

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12
Q

amoebae

A

type of unicellular organism that can change their shape by extending and retracting pseudopods

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13
Q

plastids

A

organelles in plant and algal cells that are distinguished by their synthetic abilities

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14
Q

phagocytosis

A

a process that allows cells to capture and ingest foreign particles; type of endocytosis

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15
Q

fungi

A

eukaryotic microorganisms

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16
Q

chitin

A

polysaccharide that is a primary component of fungal cell walls

17
Q

heterotrophic

A

organism that consumes other organism for energy and nutrients

18
Q

absorptive nutrition

A

process where fungi use enzymes to digest organic materials and absorb the resulting small food molecules into cell

19
Q

mycelium

A

composed of individual microscopic branch filaments aka as hyphae

20
Q

hypae

A

long branching filaments that make up fungni

21
Q

fruiting bodies

A

visible fungal reproductive structures composed of densely packed hyphae and grow out of the substrate

22
Q

conidia

A

asexual spores

23
Q

budding

A

method of asexual reproduction

24
Q

yeast

A

unicellular fungi of various lineages

25
digestive enzymes
in fungi digestive enzymes help break down food outside of their bodies
26
spores
microscopic particles that allow fungi to reproduce and diverse to new areas
27
Which of the following are key characteristics of Bacteria? Pick all that apply Can have diverse shapes and types of movement Often live in ecologically extreme environments Has circular chromosome Divides by mitosis Can have cell walls made of peptidoglycan
- Can have diverse shapes and types of movement - Has circular chromosome - Can have cell walls made of peptidoglycan
28
Which of the following is the definition of a chemoheterotroph?
Must obtain organic molecules both for energy and as a carbon source.
29
A scientist isolates a single-celled organism from the edge of Lake Yosemite. When examined under the microscope, it is clear that the cell is small and does not contain a nucleus. Based on this evidence alone, in what Domain(s) of life might this organism belong?
- archaea - bacteria
30
Which of the following organisms would be classified in the Domain Archaea?
Methanopyrus kandleri (organism that lives at temperatures of 84-110 degrees Celsius)
31
Obtaining genetic material from another organism without being an offspring is a definition of
horizontal gene transfer
32
Which three features define most protists? Pick all that apply. have mineral shells are often microscopic live in moist or wet habitats are eukaryotes do not have a nucleus
are often microscopic live in moist or wet habitats are eukaryotes
33
Protists play a minor or insignificant role in global ecology and human health. True or False
False
34
Fungi absorb food from the environment to grow. Which of the following is not involved in that process?
Organic polymers combine to form larger molecules
35
Which of the following structures is involved in asexual reproduction in fungi?
Conidia
36
Fungi are similar to animals in all but which of the following ways:
Both are highly mobile