Ch 27 Urinary Output

Question 0

What is a creatinine lab

Answer 0

Diagnostic test that truly tells how well the kidney are functioning

Question 1

How much urine does the kidney need to produce before they start to shut down

Answer 1

At least 30 ml hour

Question 2

What is osmolality

Answer 2

The strength or concentration of the urine produced

Question 3

What does the renal system consist of

Answer 3

Kidneys

Ureter and bladder

Question 4

What is one reason for kidney failure

Answer 4

Long standing diabetes

Question 5

What drugs are used in treating fluid overload or edema

Answer 5

Diuretics

Question 6

What conditions does diuretics treat

Answer 6

Chronic heart failure
Pulmonary edema
HTN
Cirrhosis ( liver failure)
Nephrotic syndrome
Kidney failure

Question 7

What is the prototype drug of thiazide diuretics

Answer 7

Hydorchlorothiazide ( HydroDIURIL)

Question 8

What are thiazide diuretics used for

Answer 8

In the treatment of hypertension

Question 9

Where does thiazide diuretics work

Answer 9

In the distal tubule

Question 10

What are contraindications and precautions of thiazide diuretics

Answer 10

Severe renal impairment
Anuria
Hepatic coma
Hypersensitivity

Question 11

What are adverse effects of thiazide diuretics

Answer 11

Hypokalemia 
Hyponatremia 
Hypochloremia
Hypomagnesemia
HYPERCALCEMIA

Question 12

What drug does thiazide diuretics interact with

Answer 12

Digoxin

Question 13

With any diuretic what should you monitor for

Answer 13

Hypokalemia

Question 14

What is a contraindication to thiazide diuretics

Answer 14

Sulfa

Question 15

What are signs and symptoms of hypokalemia

Answer 15

Arrhythmias

Question 16

What is a sign of hyponatremia

Answer 16

The body craving salt

Question 17

Hydrochlorothiazide is more effect in what ethnic group

Answer 17

African Americans

Question 18

What is a loop diuretic

Answer 18

They excerpt a powerful effect on fluid and electrolyte balance
They work in the loop of henle to inhibit sodium and chloride

Question 19

What are loop diuretic used for

Answer 19

Pulmonary edema
CHF
Peripheral edema
it depletes K+ very fast

Question 20

What is the prototype drug of loop diuretics

Answer 20

Furosemide ( lasix)

Question 21

How are loop diuretics administered

Answer 21

IV or oral

Excreted in the kidneys

Question 22

What are adverse effects of loop diuretics

Answer 22

Electrolyte imbalance
Ototoxicity if pushed too fast
Alteration in blood glucose levels
Alecia man

Question 23

What 2 drugs shouldn’t be given concurrently with loop diuretics

Answer 23

Digoxin

Aminoglycosides

Question 24

How long should one push furosemide

Answer 24

20-40 mg over 1-2 minutes | Closely monitor potassium levels

Question 25

What labs should be monitored with furosemide

Answer 25

CBC SERUM ELECTROLYTE URIC ACID LEVELS

Question 26

Wh would a pt who is malnourished be at greater risk for toxicity from furosemide

Answer 26

Because the malnourished pt has less protein in the body which will result in more free drug. Furosemide is a highly protein bound drug

Question 27

Potassium sparing diuretics prototype drug

Answer 27

Triamterene ( Dyremium)

Question 28

What are potassium sparing diuretics used for

Answer 28

It is used as an adjunct to manage edema and HTN

Question 29

What is indomethacin used for

Answer 29

It is an anti inflammatory that treats gout

Question 30

What are adverse effects of triamterene ( Dyrenium) | Potassium sparing diuretic

Answer 30

``` Hyperkalemia Nephrotoxic it's Thrombocytopenia Elevated liver enzymes Headache Photosensitivity ```

Question 31

What lab level indicates thrombocytopenia

Answer 31

Platelet count less than 50,000

Question 32

What are normal platelet counts

Answer 32

150,000-450,000

Question 33

What are osmotic diuretics used for

Answer 33

They are used for intracranial pressure & pushes fluid back into vascular space Cerebral edema And reduces intraocular pressure It causes a severe electrolyte imbalance it is a very strong diuretic

Question 34

What is the only way that mannitol is administered

Answer 34

IV

Question 35

What is a test to determine how well the renal system is functioning

Answer 35

GFR

Question 36

The bigger the dilation of a persons pupils are a indicator of what

Answer 36

You are going to die! | Coma is occurring

Question 37

What are contraindications and precautions of mAnnitol (osmotic diuretic)

Answer 37

Severe renal disease Pulmonary congestion Active intracranial bleeding

Question 38

What are adverse effects of osmotic diuretics ( mannitol)

Answer 38

Fluid or electrolyte imbalances Hypotension Tachycardia

Question 39

What are major drug interactions of mannitol ( osmotic diuretic)

Answer 39

NONE

Question 40

How can one maximize the therapeutic effects of mannitol

Answer 40

Know than concentrations that exceed 15% have a tendency to crystallize. An inline filter should be used for the infusion

Question 41

How can one minimize the adverse effects of mannitol( osmotic diuretic)

Answer 41

``` Monitor hourly output 30-50 ml/ hr at least Monitor BP pulse rate Electrocardiographic tracings Intake to output ratios Renal function test results Serum electrolyte levels ```

Question 42

How should mannitol be administered

Answer 42

Parenterally | .2g over 3-5 min in 2 doses

Question 43

What is mannitol administered for

Answer 43

Cerebral edema | Increase intraocular pressure

Question 44

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer 44

ABGs | Base